1. Date of download: 5/27/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Residual Cholesteatoma: Incidence and Localization in Canal Wall Down Tympanoplasty With Soft-Wall Reconstruction Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):652-657. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.652 Location and number of residual cholesteatomas observed in 18 ears at second-stage tympanoplasty. A indicates antrum; E, epitympanum; EAC, external auditory canal; F, facial canal; S, stapes; ST, sinus tympani; and TM, tympanic membrane. Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 5/27/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Residual Cholesteatoma: Incidence and Localization in Canal Wall Down Tympanoplasty With Soft-Wall Reconstruction Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):652-657. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.652 Right ear. A, Residual cholesteatoma (asterisk) was found in the sinus tympani at second-stage tympanoplasty. B, Retrospective videotape analysis of the first-stage surgery. The matrix of the cholesteatoma (M and arrow) was removed from the sinus tympani without a direct view, which led to the residual cholesteatoma. The tip of the duckbill elevator (E) was hidden behind the facial ridge (F). Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 5/27/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Residual Cholesteatoma: Incidence and Localization in Canal Wall Down Tympanoplasty With Soft-Wall Reconstruction Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):652-657. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.652 Left ear. A, Residual cholesteatoma (arrow) was observed on the middle cranial fossa at second-stage tympanoplasty. B, Retrospective videotape analysis of the first-stage tympanoplasty indicated that the matrix of the cholesteatoma (M) remained at the bony defect of the middle cranial fossa (asterisk). Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 5/27/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Residual Cholesteatoma: Incidence and Localization in Canal Wall Down Tympanoplasty With Soft-Wall Reconstruction Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):652-657. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.652 Left ear. A, Residual cholesteatoma (asterisk) was found just under the tympanic membrane (TM) at the second-stage tympanoplasty. EAC represents external auditory canal skin; S, silicone sheet. B, Videotape analysis of the first-stage operation indicated that unsuitable keratinizing epithelium rolling (arrow) occurred during tympanic membrane (TM) reconstruction. FAS indicates deep temporal fascia. Figure Legend: