1. The Veterinary Assistant

2. Introduction Veterinary Assistant Veterinary Assistant Integral part of the veterinary team. Integral part of the veterinary team. What are all of the areas that a veterinary assistant could work in? What are all of the areas that a veterinary assistant could work in? Areas CVAs work in Areas CVAs work in Large and small animal private practices Large and small animal private practices For the federal government For the federal government Diagnostic laboratories Diagnostic laboratories Pharmaceutical companies Pharmaceutical companies Pet food producers Pet food producers Pet-equipment suppliers Pet-equipment suppliers Pet stores Pet stores Animal shelters Animal shelters Zoos Zoos Aquariums Aquariums

3. Introduction Veterinary Assistant Veterinary Assistant Involves much more than cleaning cages. Involves much more than cleaning cages. CVAs are responsible for: CVAs are responsible for: Nursing sick and injured animals Nursing sick and injured animals Treating and bandaging wounds Treating and bandaging wounds Assisting in surgeries Assisting in surgeries Collecting blood samples Collecting blood samples Identifying bacteria Identifying bacteria Taking radiographs Taking radiographs Countless other responsiblities Countless other responsiblities

4. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice Whenever an animal, whether it is sick or not, is presented for examination by a veterinarian, the experience can be both anxiety-filled and confusing. Whenever an animal, whether it is sick or not, is presented for examination by a veterinarian, the experience can be both anxiety-filled and confusing. The animal is being handled by unfamiliar people, often in unfamiliar surroundings. The animal is being handled by unfamiliar people, often in unfamiliar surroundings. It is the veterinary assistant’s responsibility to calm the patient and offer reassurance. It is the veterinary assistant’s responsibility to calm the patient and offer reassurance.

5. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice The risk to both the animal and the handler is greatest when an animal must be restrained or moved during examination and treatment. The risk to both the animal and the handler is greatest when an animal must be restrained or moved during examination and treatment. The veterinary assistant must be aware of the animal’s mental and physical conditions. The veterinary assistant must be aware of the animal’s mental and physical conditions. Is the patient scared or territorial? Is it injured and where is the injury? Is the patient scared or territorial? Is it injured and where is the injury?

6. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice The veterinary assistant must constantly be aware of these factors when handling an animal. The veterinary assistant must constantly be aware of these factors when handling an animal. Often the success of a patient’s treatment rests on the shoulders of the veterinary assistant who must administer the medicine properly, assess and record the patient’s progress, and keep the patient as calm and content as possible. Often the success of a patient’s treatment rests on the shoulders of the veterinary assistant who must administer the medicine properly, assess and record the patient’s progress, and keep the patient as calm and content as possible.

7. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice In modern veterinary clinical practices, the veterinary assistant plays a major role in the care and well-being of the animal patients and the productivity of the veterinarian. In modern veterinary clinical practices, the veterinary assistant plays a major role in the care and well-being of the animal patients and the productivity of the veterinarian. The veterinary assistant is responsible for performing much of the actual preparation and treatment of a patient. The veterinary assistant is responsible for performing much of the actual preparation and treatment of a patient.

8. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice Before the veterinarian ever sees a patient, the veterinary assistant will have: Before the veterinarian ever sees a patient, the veterinary assistant will have: Weighed the animal Weighed the animal Taken its temperature Taken its temperature Assessed its general condition Assessed its general condition Discussed the primary health concerns with the owner. Discussed the primary health concerns with the owner. All of this will be recorded in the patient’s file. All of this will be recorded in the patient’s file. This allows the veterinarian to spend more contact time with each patient and to see more patients. This allows the veterinarian to spend more contact time with each patient and to see more patients.

9. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice Following the veterinarian’s exam, the veterinary assistant will: Following the veterinarian’s exam, the veterinary assistant will: Carry out the treatment Carry out the treatment Discuss any dispensed medication with the client Discuss any dispensed medication with the client Offer any related educational material Offer any related educational material

10. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice A veterinary assistant who undertakes all of these responsibilities must know: A veterinary assistant who undertakes all of these responsibilities must know: The proper techniques for the care and handling of animals The proper techniques for the care and handling of animals Basic principles of normal and abnormal life processes Basic principles of normal and abnormal life processes Routine lab and clinical procedures Routine lab and clinical procedures Normal and abnormal animal behavior Normal and abnormal animal behavior Office and hospital management Office and hospital management

11. Patient Care Support Clinic Practice Clinic Practice Veterinary assistants can learn most of these procedures with the assistance of the veterinarian. Veterinary assistants can learn most of these procedures with the assistance of the veterinarian. But, some of these procedures must also be learned from study, careful observation, and experience. But, some of these procedures must also be learned from study, careful observation, and experience.

12. Patient Care Support Field Practice Field Practice Ambulatory practices Ambulatory practices Conditions are not controlled as in the clinic, i.e. house calls, mobile veterinarians, etc. Conditions are not controlled as in the clinic, i.e. house calls, mobile veterinarians, etc. Thorough knowledge and quick reactions of a veterinary assistant are integral to the success of a call. Thorough knowledge and quick reactions of a veterinary assistant are integral to the success of a call.

13. Patient Care Support Field Practice Field Practice For example: For example: If the patient was a heifer that had suffered a severe laceration on her leg while in the farthest corner of the pasture. What do you think you would need to do? If the patient was a heifer that had suffered a severe laceration on her leg while in the farthest corner of the pasture. What do you think you would need to do? The veterinary assistant would be called upon to assess the problem and run to the truck to get the tools and medications necessary for the veterinarian’s prescribed treatment. The veterinary assistant would be called upon to assess the problem and run to the truck to get the tools and medications necessary for the veterinarian’s prescribed treatment. The assistant would also need to know the proper techniques for restraining the animal, including knowledge of using ropes and knot tying. The assistant would also need to know the proper techniques for restraining the animal, including knowledge of using ropes and knot tying.

14. Patient Care Support Zoo Practice Zoo Practice At a zoo, a veterinary assistant is required to work with a wide range of exotic animals. At a zoo, a veterinary assistant is required to work with a wide range of exotic animals. The assistant might be asked to bottle feed a baby chimpanzee or a newborn tiger cub. The assistant might be asked to bottle feed a baby chimpanzee or a newborn tiger cub. If a great horned owl broke a wing, the assistant would be responsible for treating the wing and nursing the bird back to health. If a great horned owl broke a wing, the assistant would be responsible for treating the wing and nursing the bird back to health.

15. Patient Care Support Zoo Practice Zoo Practice The assistant’s knowledge of animal behavior is extremely important in the zoo setting where the animals are exotic and untamed. The assistant’s knowledge of animal behavior is extremely important in the zoo setting where the animals are exotic and untamed. For instance, the assistant might be called to assist the veterinarian in treating a lioness’ cut paw or a cheetah’s tooth ache. What must you be aware of? For instance, the assistant might be called to assist the veterinarian in treating a lioness’ cut paw or a cheetah’s tooth ache. What must you be aware of? The assistant must be familiar with the medical problem before entering the cage, and be prepared with the tools and medication that the veterinarian will need to treat the patient. The assistant must be familiar with the medical problem before entering the cage, and be prepared with the tools and medication that the veterinarian will need to treat the patient.

16. Patient Care Support Zoo Practice Zoo Practice Animals in an aquarium offer a whole new range of unique responsibilities. Animals in an aquarium offer a whole new range of unique responsibilities. The veterinary assistant would need knowledge of the unique behavioral characteristics of aquatic animals. The veterinary assistant would need knowledge of the unique behavioral characteristics of aquatic animals. If an assistant were placed in charge of a sea otter, he/she would need to know what behaviors mean happiness, fear, or illness. If an assistant were placed in charge of a sea otter, he/she would need to know what behaviors mean happiness, fear, or illness. The assistant would also need to know how to restrain the sea otter for veterinary visits. The assistant would also need to know how to restrain the sea otter for veterinary visits.

17. Laboratory Support Microscopic Examinations Microscopic Examinations A veterinary assistant is a highly trained individual who must understand the processes and methods of clinic operations. A veterinary assistant is a highly trained individual who must understand the processes and methods of clinic operations. Examinations of fecal, urine, and blood samples are critical in making accurate diagnoses. Examinations of fecal, urine, and blood samples are critical in making accurate diagnoses. The veterinary assistant must learn how to correctly obtain these samples, prepare the samples for tests and microscopic examinations, and recognize the presence of parasites and other abnormalities. The veterinary assistant must learn how to correctly obtain these samples, prepare the samples for tests and microscopic examinations, and recognize the presence of parasites and other abnormalities.

18. Laboratory Support Microscopic Examinations Microscopic Examinations For example, a veterinary assistant could be asked to prepare a wet-stained blood smear and examine it for microfilariae in a dog’s heartworm test. For example, a veterinary assistant could be asked to prepare a wet-stained blood smear and examine it for microfilariae in a dog’s heartworm test. To perform this task, the assistant would need to know how to collect blood from the dog, how to handle the blood sample, and how to make the appropriate slide. To perform this task, the assistant would need to know how to collect blood from the dog, how to handle the blood sample, and how to make the appropriate slide. The assistant would then need to examine the slide and have the microscope focused on areas of abnormalities for the veterinarian to view. The assistant would then need to examine the slide and have the microscope focused on areas of abnormalities for the veterinarian to view.

19. Laboratory Support Microscopic Examinations Microscopic Examinations If a cat that was unable to urinate properly was brought into the clinic, a veterinary assistant might be asked to identify the presence of crystals in the cat’s urine. (This is a common ailment in cats.) If a cat that was unable to urinate properly was brought into the clinic, a veterinary assistant might be asked to identify the presence of crystals in the cat’s urine. (This is a common ailment in cats.) The assistant would need to be familiar with the proper techniques for obtaining a urine sample, handling the sample, and classifying the crystals in the urine as those present in either alkaline or acidic urine. The assistant would need to be familiar with the proper techniques for obtaining a urine sample, handling the sample, and classifying the crystals in the urine as those present in either alkaline or acidic urine.

20. Laboratory Support Microscopic Examinations Microscopic Examinations An animal assistant’s ability to identify the morphology of bacteria under a microscope is very important. An animal assistant’s ability to identify the morphology of bacteria under a microscope is very important. From the initial microscopic examinations, the veterinary assistant can make suggestions on the proper tests to perform to more accurately identify the bacteria. From the initial microscopic examinations, the veterinary assistant can make suggestions on the proper tests to perform to more accurately identify the bacteria. Though the veterinarian will make the final diagnosis, it is key that the assistant be versed in performing bacteriologic tests and identifying various bacteria. Though the veterinarian will make the final diagnosis, it is key that the assistant be versed in performing bacteriologic tests and identifying various bacteria.

21. Laboratory Support Microscopic Examinations Microscopic Examinations A veterinary assistant who is employed at a diagnostic lab might be responsible for identifying bacteria on a daily basis. A veterinary assistant who is employed at a diagnostic lab might be responsible for identifying bacteria on a daily basis. When a sample from a veterinary clinic is sent to the lab, the assistant might be responsible for identifying the morphology of bacteria and discerning whether the sample contains Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, or both. When a sample from a veterinary clinic is sent to the lab, the assistant might be responsible for identifying the morphology of bacteria and discerning whether the sample contains Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, or both. Based on this information, the veterinary assistant would the determine which tests to run to further classify the bacteria. Based on this information, the veterinary assistant would the determine which tests to run to further classify the bacteria.

22. Laboratory Support Radiography Radiography If an owner brought a lame horse into the clinic, the veterinary assistant would likely be called upon to assist in taking and developing radiographs, or X- rays. If an owner brought a lame horse into the clinic, the veterinary assistant would likely be called upon to assist in taking and developing radiographs, or X- rays.

23. Laboratory Support Radiography Radiography Good radiographs are produced by an operator who knows the principles in machine operation and who has good film processing techniques. Good radiographs are produced by an operator who knows the principles in machine operation and who has good film processing techniques. To obtain accurate radiographs, the veterinary assistant must be consistent and precise in each phase of production. To obtain accurate radiographs, the veterinary assistant must be consistent and precise in each phase of production. The assistant must determine the proper settings on the machine dials, understand the proper use of safety accessories, and know the radiographic positions and terminology. The assistant must determine the proper settings on the machine dials, understand the proper use of safety accessories, and know the radiographic positions and terminology. If the patient is uncooperative, the veterinary assistant must also know the proper techniques for restraining that particular animal during an X-ray. If the patient is uncooperative, the veterinary assistant must also know the proper techniques for restraining that particular animal during an X-ray.

24. Laboratory Support Radiography Radiography Sometimes, radiographs may need to be taken out in the field. Sometimes, radiographs may need to be taken out in the field. The veterinary assistant must be prepared to deal with uneven terrain, untamed, large animals, and other outdoor distractions while still making a good radiograph. The veterinary assistant must be prepared to deal with uneven terrain, untamed, large animals, and other outdoor distractions while still making a good radiograph. After the assistant has taken the X-rays, he/she must then develop them. After the assistant has taken the X-rays, he/she must then develop them. This requires knowledge of how to handle the developing solutions and precise timing. This requires knowledge of how to handle the developing solutions and precise timing. An accurate, clear radiograph is important for the veterinarian’s diagnosis. An accurate, clear radiograph is important for the veterinarian’s diagnosis.

25. Career Development Veterinary assistant positions are available in different capacities with varying degrees of responsibility. Veterinary assistant positions are available in different capacities with varying degrees of responsibility. A secondary school student might work part- time as a veterinary assistant to earn supplemental money. A secondary school student might work part- time as a veterinary assistant to earn supplemental money. However, many people who choose to be veterinary technicians full-time gain their certification. However, many people who choose to be veterinary technicians full-time gain their certification.

26. Career Development Registered Veterinary Technician (RVT) Registered Veterinary Technician (RVT) To become a registered veterinary technician, the individual must pass a state exam. To become a registered veterinary technician, the individual must pass a state exam. However, this exam usually requires formal instruction from a veterinary training institution. However, this exam usually requires formal instruction from a veterinary training institution. Through formal instruction, students learn the many skills they will need to be effective assistants. Through formal instruction, students learn the many skills they will need to be effective assistants.

27. Career Development RVT RVT Coursework will include such topics as microbiology, veterinary anatomy, radiology, first aid, handling and restraining animals, and many others. Coursework will include such topics as microbiology, veterinary anatomy, radiology, first aid, handling and restraining animals, and many others. There are 60 schools in the United States that offer veterinary technician training programs, and while most require 2 years of study, students leave well- versed in many areas of veterinary medicine and confident in their skills as veterinary technicians. There are 60 schools in the United States that offer veterinary technician training programs, and while most require 2 years of study, students leave well- versed in many areas of veterinary medicine and confident in their skills as veterinary technicians.

28. Review List five places where a veterinary assistant might work. List five places where a veterinary assistant might work. How is the veterinary assistant important in an animal’s recovery? How is the veterinary assistant important in an animal’s recovery? List four responsibilities a veterinary assistant might have in a veterinary clinic. List four responsibilities a veterinary assistant might have in a veterinary clinic. Describe the responsibilities a veterinary assistant might have at a diagnostic laboratory. Describe the responsibilities a veterinary assistant might have at a diagnostic laboratory.

29. Review Describe the responsibilities of a veterinary assistant in an ambulatory veterinary practice. Describe the responsibilities of a veterinary assistant in an ambulatory veterinary practice. What responsibilities might a veterinary assistant have at a zoo? What responsibilities might a veterinary assistant have at a zoo? What responsibilities might a veterinary assistant have at an aquarium? What responsibilities might a veterinary assistant have at an aquarium? Why is it important that a veterinary assistant know how to perform microscopic examinations of bacteria? Why is it important that a veterinary assistant know how to perform microscopic examinations of bacteria?

30. Review List five skills that would be useful to a veterinary assistant. List five skills that would be useful to a veterinary assistant. What is required for a person to become a registered veterinary assistant? What is required for a person to become a registered veterinary assistant?