1. Chapter 9 Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: –any public performance or display including transmission of any image over a network; –preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; –any rental, lease, or lending of the program. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 9 Anticipation Guide

3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Importance of Content-Area Literacy Most of the reading required in college and career is informational rather than literary. Science and social studies build background and vocabulary and provide students with invaluable opportunities to apply their skills and learn new ones. Common Core State Standards call for having students read literacy texts 50 percent of the time and expository text 50 percent of the time.

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Instructional Techniques Help Students Build Conceptual Understanding - Ask Essential Questions and Teach for Understanding Help Students Make Connections Use Effective Reading and Learning Strategies

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Instructional Techniques (Continued) Before Reading –Structured overview –Anticipation guides During Reading –Chapter organization & text structure –Think-Alouds –Strategy guides

6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Instructional Techniques (Continued) After Reading –Graphic organizers –Applying and extending KWL Plus: Before, During, & After Reading –Know, Want to Know, Learn

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Challenge of Content-Area Literacy Students Unprepared for Content-Area Reading –Denser text –Richer vocabulary –More complex structure –Different purposes

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.1: A Think-Aloud Self-Questionnaire

9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Strategy Guides Pattern Glosses WIRC (Writing Intensive Reading Comprehension) Thinksheets Other Types of Strategy Guides- matching, true- false, completion, timeline, anticipation guide, semantic map, structured overview, comparison–contrast chart, steps in a process, reciprocal teaching.

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Differentiating Instruction Extra help Audio or text-to-speech version of text Publisher aids Trade books on easier level Easier texts E-books and Online Texts that Have Learning Aids Language-Experience Approach

11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Added Sources of Content Information Trade books E-books and e-Readers Periodicals Web Sites

12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Writing to Learn Using Types of Writing that Foster Learning –Comparing –Contrasting –Concluding –Evaluating

13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Writing to Learn (Continued) Learning Logs –Students examine & express what they are learning Brief Writing-to-Learn Activities –Admit slips –Exit slips –Quickwrite activities Question All-Write

14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sheltered English for ELLs Fosters Learning of English & Content Student-Centered High Levels of Participation Hands-On Activities Visuals Scaffolded Learning Wait Time Multiple Types of Assessment

15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sheltered English for ELLs (continued) Sentence Walls –Use for content areas –Include vocabulary, topic, questions –Function as language lesson, too

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Reading To Remember –Most Students Require Instruction –Teaching Study Skills Improves Performance –Study Habits Develop Early

17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Fostering Retention Three Stages of Memory –Encoding –Storing –Retrieving Fostering Retention Principles for Improving Memory –Clear encoding –Intention to learn –Organization –Elaboration –Overlearning

18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Fostering Retention (Continued) Fostering Retention (Continued) Memory Devices –Conceptual understanding –Rehearsal –Mnemonic devices: rhymes, acronyms, acrostics

19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Importance of Practice Enables students to reach a certain level of competence Makes skills automatic Aids retention Fosters transfer to new situations

20. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Effective Practice Alternate or interleave studying of model examples with exercises that have to be completed independently Use distributed versus massed practice as appropriate

21. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Providing Judicious Review Key concepts should be presented at least twice. Presentations should be scheduled so that they are relatively close. Space review sessions. Interval between presentations should not be less than 5 percent of the time that the information has to be retained.

22. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. SQ3R Principles of SQ3R –Survey –Question –Read –Recite –Review Teaching SQ3R –Can be applied at all levels

23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Test-Taking Strategies High-Quality Literacy and Intervention Programs Best Strategy Observe Student Test-Taking Skills –Analyze observations –Apply findings to instruction

24. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Test-Taking Strategies (Continued) Provide instruction in responding to test items, especially constructed responses Provide practice at students’ reading level Provide suggestions for handling test that might be above students’ reading level if they must take on-level tests Teach Locate and Recall –Emphasize this basic skill

25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Metacognitive Study Strategies Teach Students How To Direct Own Studies –Integrate into all content areas –Use scaffolding –Students should self-regulate study behaviors