1. Writing to Argue, Persuade and Advise Lesson 1 objectives: 1.To understand the differences between arguing, persuading and advising 2.What is an argument? How to make a well- structured argument. 3.Understanding the language devices needed in an argumentative speech, including connectives.

2. W HAT I S T HE D IFFERENCE ? Argument is forceful and direct. It relies on morality, evidence and reason and is personal to the writer. It puts pressure on an audience to accept the belief of the writer. Persuasion is more subtle and indirect. You can use flattery and promise to convince the audience. Persuasion relaxes the audience to put them on the writer’s side. Advice is practical and offers more than one choice. It involves advantages and disadvantages, and the results of making a certain choice. Language is more neutral.

3. W RITING AN A RGUMENT What makes a good argument?

4. T HE U LTIMATE R ECIPE F OR A N A RGUMENTATIVE S PEECH. Ingredients: A good few numbers of opinions, for and against the argument. At least three well-structured points for why your argument is right; progressing in a logical order. Language appropriate to the audience – formal/informal. Use of the counter argument (degrade it for extra taste) Evidence/stats to back up your argument. Language devices A strong introduction and conclusion to the argument, drawing the audience

5. How to brew... 1. Remember your audience...they are who you are feeding! 2.Work out the structure of your argument by planning it in a logical manner, using your three well-structured points to develop your argument. 3. Draw the attention of the audience with your spicy introduction 4. Find some evidence/stats and pop them in to back up what you are saying 5. Throw in a few effective language devices ( very important!) 6. Throw in the counter-argument, but drown the taste out with your opinions and facts 7. Conclude by telling everyone why they should swallow exactly what you are telling them! 8. Don’t forget to use connectives between your points. The Ultimate Recipe For An Argumentative Speech.

6. Threes – use three examples or words to back-up your argument Repetition – Look at the words Martin Luther-King used in his famous speech Alliteration - Use in arguments to actually affect the audience Paragraphs – Have at least three different arguments and use connectives to make the speech flow. Punctuation – Use and vary punctuation in writing your speech, so you know where to pause for effect and to dictate the pace. Effect/Evidence – Use facts/stats and opinions to make audience feel you have knowledge to back up your view. Rhetorical Questions – A question not needing a response. Very effective in argumentative speeches as people can not respond with a counter-argument Sentence Structure – Vary this. In speech making, some short sentences, even one word lines can be just as effective as a complex sentence Use all these, and you will ‘trap’ your audience in to believing what you say is RIGHT! Language Devices to use when Writing to Argue

7. S OME C ONNECTIVES T O H ELP... Firstly In the first place… In conclusion Secondly In addition Furthermore What is more… To sum up Therefore To conclude To begin with…