1. Noncoliform Lactose -Negative Enterics 9 조 2011274060 이 진 발표 2012274043 강동흠 자료조사,QUIZ 2012274004 김준영 자료조사,QUIZ 2012274006 강민주 자료조사 2012274028 고나경 ppt 제작 2012274038 김지윤 ppt 제작

2. CONTENTS Noncoliform Enterics Oxidase-Negative Salmonella Shigella Yersinia Oxidase-Positive Pasteurella Haemophillus

3. Noncoliform Non-lactose-fermenting or slow lactose-fermenting bacteria

5. Oxidase-Negative Opportunists - Proteus, Morganella, Providencia True pathogens - Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia

6. Opportunists & True Pathogens Opportunists - 기회감염세균 - 면역력이 약해졌을 때 병원성을 나타내는 세균 - Proteus, Morganella, Providencia True pathogens - 감염 시 질병을 유발하는 세균 - Salmonella, Shigella

7. Opportunists Widespread distribution, but harmless to a healthy individual. Proteus - wavelike swarming pattern in a moist agar Morganella Providencia UTI (urinary tract infection), wound infection, pneumonia, septicemia, and occasionally infant diarrhea

8. True Pathogens Well-developed virulence factors Primary pathogens Not being normal residents of humans Salmonella - S. typhi → Typhoid fever - Animal salmonelloses Shigella - Shigellosis Yersinia - enteric yersinia - non-enteric yersinia

9. Salmonella

10. Salmonella Flagella Grow readily on most laboratory media Survive outside the host in environments Resistant to bile and dyes Do not lose virulence after long-term artificial cultivation Cause salmonelloses - typhoid fever, animal salmonelloses

11. S. typhi Morphology - small, motile gram(-) rod Habitat - humans are the exclusive hosts Virulence factor - LPS endotoxin - enterotoxin - capsule (referred to as the Vi antigen) → increase infectivity - Antibiotic resistance Disease - Typhoid fever

12. Typhoid Fever Infection a.Water or food contaminated by feces b.enters alimentary canal c. adhere the mucosa of the small intestine → progressive and invasive infection & secrete enterotoxin → septicemia, ulceration

13. Typhoid Fever Symptoms rose spot abdominal pain fever diarrhea

14. Typhoid Fever Symptoms - septicemia, ulceration → hemorrhage → perforation, peritonitis - typhoid abscesses in the liver or urinary tract

15. Typhoid Fever Diagnosis - patient’s history and presenting symptoms, supported by a rising antibody titer - isolation of the S. typhi Prevention - oral vaccine, capsular polysaccharide vaccine Treatment - chloramphenicol, sulfa-trimethoprim

16. Animal Salmonelloses Nontyphoidal salmonelloses - Enteric fever, Salmonella food poisoning, Salmonella gastroenteritis - S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. cholerae-suis S. Paratyphi A, S. Paratyphi B, S. Paratyphi C - Normal intestinal flora in cattle, poultry, rodents, and reptiles → Zoonotic in origin

17. Animal Salmonelloses Infection routes - poorly cooked meat products and eggs - unpasteurized milk, ice cream, and cheese - food contaminated by rodent feces Drug-resistance of Salmonella - adding antibiotics to animal feeds

18. Animal Salmonelloses Symptoms - moderate fever, nausea - abdominal pain and cramps - diarrhea Diagnosis - Isolation the pathogen →cultivation on media - ELISA test - PCR

19. Animal Salmonelloses Prevention - good sanitation, sufficient cooking - water purification, pasteurization of milk, restriction of carriers from food handling Treatment - normally, recovery will be completed in a few days

20. Shigella

21. Shigella nonmotile nonencapsulated not fastidious not produce H ₂ S or urease oral route, direct person-to-person contact small infectious dose(200 cells) cause bacillary dysentery (Shigellosis) Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. sonnei Sh. flexneri, Sh. boydii

22. Shigella Shigella Virulence factors - endotoxin : cause fever - enterotoxin : inflammation of the gut wall layer, degeneration of the villi, local erosion → bleeding, heavy mucous secretion - shiga toxin (Sh. dysenteriae) : heat-labile exotoxin → injury to nerve cells & nerves damage to the intestine

23. Shigellosis Shigella infection routes - Food, fingers, flies, fomites - Direct person to person - Circumstance such as malnutrition, crowding, day care centers, military camps and prisons

24. Shigellosis Shigella infection 1. Shigella invades the villus cells of the large intestine 2. not as invasive as Salmonella 3. not perforate the intestine or invade the blood it enters the intestinal mucosa by means of lymphoid cells in Peyer's patches 4. Shigella stimulates inflammentary response

25. Shigella Diagnosis - isolation of pathogens Treatment - fluid replacement, ciprofloxacin & sulfa-trimethoprim (SxT), ampicillin, cephalosporin

26. Yersinia Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis - intestinal inhabitants of wild and domestic animals → enteric infections in humans Y. pestis

27. Q & A

28. QUIZ 1. What is not included in opportunists? ① Proteus ② Salmonella ③ Providencia ④ Morganella ⑤ none of above

29. QUIZ S. typhi ? 2. What is not virulence factor of S. typhi ? ① LPS endotoxin ② capsule (referred to as the Vi antigen) ③ antibiotic resistance ④ All of above ⑤ None of above

30. QUIZ 3. What is the symptoms of typhoid fever? ① rose spot ② abdominal Fever ③ abdominal pain ④ diarrhea ⑤ blood clot

31. QUIZ 4. What is not correct about Shigella? ① It is nonmotile ② It is nonencapsulated ③ It is fastidious ④ It is not producing H2S ⑤ It is not producing urease

32. QUIZ 5. What is not virulence factors of Shigellosis? ① Endotoxin ② Shiga toxin ③ Enterotoxin ④ Alpha toxin ⑤ None of above

33. QUIZ 6. What is the name of this dieases?  ________ are normal intestinal flora in cattle, poultry, rodents, and reptiles  _______ cause abdominal pain and cramps  ELISA test can be used to find __________ The answer is __________________

34. Reference

35. Thank You