1. Using IMOS Ship SST observations for validation of Satellite SST Observations Helen Beggs, Ruslan Verein and George Paltoglou CAWCR, Bureau of Meteorology Alan Thomas, OEB, Bureau of Meteorology Presented at the GHRSST ST-VAL Workshop, Boulder, 1 March 2011

2. How can we improve the validation of satellite SST and ocean models over regions sparse in drifting buoy observations? One solution: Improve the availability and accuracy of SSTdepth observations from: ships moored and drifting buoys Argo floats sea mammals/birds gliders Buoy SST observations from GTS for 21 September 2010

3. IMOS Ship of Opportunity SST sub-facility Goal Significantly enhance quantity, quality and timeliness of ship SST data in the Australian region 23 Feb 2011: NRT QA’d SST data from 11 vessels (6 with hull-contact sensors) available from GTS and IMOS Ocean Portal http://imos.aodn.org.au/webportal - All except Rottnest and Whitsunday Ferries (engine intake SST from catamarans) have comparable errors to drifting buoys - IMOS ship SST used for satellite SST and ocean model validation at BoM Locations of IMOS ship SST observations to 4 Feb 2011 Matchups between MTSAT-1R SST and drifting buoys, moored buoys, non-IMOS ships and IMOS ships for 1 Jan 2008 to 19 Apr 2010

4. SeaBird’s SBE 48 is a high-accuracy temperature recorder, designed for shipboard determination of sea surface temperature. Cost: $4k for sensor + ~$10k to install on a vessel which all ready has an automatic weather station Mounted with magnets just below the water line, the SBE 48’s temperature sensor is in contact with the inside of the ship’s hull. Important to insulate hull and sensor from interior air temperature using a 1 m x 1 m foam insulation pad. Installed on PV Spirit of Tasmania II, MV Portland, MV Stadacona, MV Highland Chief, MV Iron Yandi and PV Pacific Sun Data relayed through ship to the automatic weather station on the bridge using wireless modems Hull-Mounted temperature sensors on Australian Volunteer Observing Fleet vessels Weight: 2.3 kg Dimensions: 78 mm x 76 mm x 273 mm

5. IMOS NOAA-18 AVHRR SSTfnd – In Situ SSTfnd 1 Dec 2008 – 30 Sep 2010 60  E – 190  E, 20  N – 70  S Nighttime,  2 hour,  1 km matchups, Quality level > 3 Hull-contact SST sensorsIMOS SST ships

6. IMOS NOAA-18 AVHRR SSTfnd – In Situ SSTfnd 1 Dec 2008 – 30 Sep 2010 60  E – 190  E, 20  N – 70  S Nighttime,  2 hour,  1 km matchups, Quality level > 3 Hull-contact SST sensors IMOS SST ships

7. CC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Comparing IMOS satellite AVHRR SST and BoM operational analysis and ocean model SST (21 Sep 2010) IMOS AVHRR L2P SSTskinRAMSSA SSTfnd OceanMAPS 24 hour Forecast SST5mOceanMAPS Anal SST5m

8. -2 -1 0 1 2 CC Validating BoM SST analyses and ocean models using IMOS ship SST data (21 Sep 2010) IMOS AVHRR L2P SSTskin – ship SSTRAMSSA SSTfnd – ship SST OceanMAPS 24h SST5m – ship SSTOceanMAPS Anal SST5m – ship SST

9. BoM SST(date) minus Buoy SSTfnd(date+1) Over region: 90°E to 180°E, 15°N - 70°S Period: 1 Aug – 30 Sep 2010 IMOS Nighttime N18 AVHRR L2P (QL > 3) 1/50° SSTfnd:0.05 ± 0.36°C RAMSSA MW+IR Daily 1/12° Analysis SSTfnd:0.12 ± 0.52°C OceanMAPS MW+IR Daily 1/10° Analysis SST5m: 0.53 ± 2.00°C Choice of SST product for a particular application is a compromise between spatial coverage, ocean feature resolution and accuracy

10. RAMSSA SSTfnd(date) – Ship SST(date+1) 1 Oct 2008 – 28 Nov 2009 60  E – 180  E, 20  N – 70  S

11. OceanMAPS Analysis SST5m – Ship SST 1 Oct 2008 – 15 Nov 2009 90  E – 180  E, 15  N – 70  S

13. RAMSSA SSTfnd(Date) – Ship SST(Date) 1 Oct 2008 – 15 Nov 2009 60  E – 180  E, 20  N – 70  S

14. IMOS Ship SST Plans By Dec 2011: Supply QA’d SST from RV Cape Ferguson, RV Solander, RV Linnaeus and RV Tangaroa to Ocean Portal and GTS in near real-time Develop stand-alone system to transmit hull-contact SST data in NRT from merchant vessels not instrumented with automatic weather stations By Dec 2012: Instrument MV Whana Bhum and MV Xutra Bhum with hull- contact temperature sensors Validate HRPT AVHRR SST over Southern Ocean using IMOS in situ SST from ships, gliders, Argo, moorings, seals, penguins, etc Locations of RV Cape Ferguson and RV Solander ship SST observations uploaded to GTS in delayed mode Whana Bhum and Xutra Bhum cruise tracks