1. Foundations of ICT for Disaster Management Laboratory : NETSSL Research Fellows: Ling-Jyh Chen, Sheng-Wei Chen, Jan-Ming Ho, Kate Ching-Ju Lin & Jane W. S. Liu

2. 0% 100% 024h48h 72h Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

3. SANY and OSIRIS in EU User information systems Operational services System services Sensor services Sensor Systems Generic  Display  Sensor tasking  Sensor Monitoring  Sensor man.  Proc./storage  Web mapping  Dataflow man.  Alarm service  Discovery  Access  Alert  Tasking.  Interface adaptor

4. Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US E911 & E911-IPDM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP

5. 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 災害防救應用服務平台 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 資訊綜整共享運作機制 5 交通部 中央氣象局 交通部 中央氣象局 經濟部 水利署 經濟部 水利署 行政院農委會 水保局 行政院農委會 水保局 內政部營建署 內政部消防署 交通部 公路總局 交通部 公路總局 國家災害防救 科技中心 國家災害防救 科技中心 XML, KML 地方政府 民眾，記者 XML, KML 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 中央災害應變中心 指揮官 XML KML 災情資訊 設施操作

6. Common Limitations The systems cannot make good use of all information sources, including ones owned by businesses, communities, and so on The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people The systems do not make effective use of early warnings to enhance preparedness The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation

7. A Framework for Open and Sustainable DMIS Jan-Ming Ho (IIS), Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Der-Tsai Lee (IIS) and Jane W. S. Liu (IIS & CITI) Application ComponentIT Component Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information John K. Zao (NCTU), Sheng-Wei Chen (IIS) Jane W. S. Liu (IIS) & Edward T.-H. Chu (NYUST) Disaster Information System for Resilient Communities Feng-Tyan Lin (NCKU) Hsueh-Cheng Chou (NCDR) Han-Liang Lin (NCKU) Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters Data Repository Shaw-Chen Liu (RCEC); Chia Chou (RCEC) Shih-Chun Lung (RCEC) & Mong-Ming Lu (CWB) Crustal Deformation and Faulting Behavior Databases Jian-Cheng Lee (IES), Long-Chen Kuo (IES) Wen-Tzong Liang (IES) Virtual Repository Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Pen-Chung Yew (U of Minn) David Hung-Chang Du (U. of Minn) Open Information Gateway Chi-Sheng Shih (NTU), Ling-Jyl Chen (IIS) Phone Lin (NTU), Kwei-Jay Lin (UCI) Ching-Ju Lin (CITI) & Wei-Ho Chung (CITI)

8. Wrapper interface Filtering and Fusion Information SourcesApplicationsOpen Information System Disaster mitigation applications Disaster warning systems Real-time C3 Sahana & other DMS Road and traffic conditions data.gov.tw datasets Weather forecast, models, imagery, sea surface temperature, etc Census and GIS data on vegetation, wildlife, geological profile, etc. Eyewitness reports, news, messages, twitter, etc. OpenSensorIS Sensor data on water levels & flow rates, soil moisture profile, land slide susceptibility; seismic activities; bridge stress, etc. Information flow control mechanisms Fusion, virtualization, & visualization services

9. Contents contributed by diverse, independent Sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker services Sources = applications/users Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources at points of service during emergencies Individualized view of a virtual data cloud and interface service for each application and user

10. TRIPS Communication infrastructure Heterogeneous And Plug-n-Play Network Store sensor data in persistent cloud Receive/report alerts Review data after disaster Publish/subscribe disaster data TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS Agent TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App Points Of Services OIGY

11. Emergency Information Access Break-the-glass (BTG) extensions of authentication and authorization access control models and mechanisms TIBS (Trustworthy information brokerage service)  Proactive upload of emergency information on POS’s  Information release based on traceability and accountability Filters Scenario analysis SOPs & DSA workflows Information requirements Sources Filtered information Release and accountability causes Handle requests & enforce release policies POS

12. User Registration Policy Management Event trackers Policy DB Audit Record Identity Record Admin Audit Record Policy DB PEP PDP R RRRR P Audit Record Audit Record Helper ICC RC 3 Admin Provider Helper Policy DB PEPPIP PDP R RRRR P A Audit Record Provider Components of Information Broker Admin

13. Typical state-of- practice solution Official Sources XML ARC GIS Interfaces Custom Interfaces Other known sources Unknown Sources Including news, social media, etc. Scientific data sources CDEF CEWD Taxi & bus RT data Information access control/brokerage services VR resources and interface service tools: publishing assistant; vocabulary managers; query translators; model mapping and format conversion tools; filtering, fusion and visualization tools; crawlers, extractors, and parsers; social report validation tools, etc. LOD warehouse cloud(s) LOD repositories supporting on- demand caching Repositories with pre-cached linked- data values VR resources and LOD on points of service Interface services Virtual repository

14. Examples of On-Going Works  Cyber physical elements of smart environment for disaster preparedness  Technology for real-time connectivity assessment, report and repair  Models, algorithms, and tools for crowdsourcing human sensor data collection  Methods and tools for filtering and validating eyewitness reports from massive crowd  Methodology and scenarios for evaluation of TIBS relative to BTG approach

15. Alert xmlns: … Sender: Central Weather Bureau Status: Actual MsgType: Alert Scope: Public Info Category: Geo Event: Earthquake Urgency: Immediate Severity: Strong Certainty: Observed Description: A strong earthquake measuring 6.9 occurred in … Parameters: Magnitude, depth, … Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas Resources: … … A Future Scenario

16. Earthquake Detection in Taiwan BATS: Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology 650 strong motion seismic stations Auto-location in seconds by taking advantage of Central Weather Bureau seismic network RF connections to TEC Data Center Capability of inverting BATS waveforms to obtain focal mechanisms for felt earthquakes in minutes Felt earthquakes 08/2011

17. Standard-Based Alert Delivery Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Authenticated message senders http://www.fema.gov/emergency/ipaws/ipaws_cap_mg.pdf

18. ?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed … Magnitude 7.2 … 32.9525 -115.5585 0 … ?xmlns version = “1.0” alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interface Elevator controller Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interfaces Earthquake. Slow down, pull over Vehicle safety system iGaDsiGaDs

19. Common Alert Protocol (CAP 1.2) ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007) A common format that supports  Broadcast of messages of all types to all public alert systems  Message exchange between emergency information systems  Aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources  End-to-end authentication and validation  Automatic reports by sensor systems to analysis centers  Automatic processing by smart devices and applications

20. Elements of Disaster Prepared Environment  Standard-based alarm delivery and message exchanges as parts of DM infrastructure  Standard interfaces for processing & responding to standard-based alarms  Dependable, low-cost, customizable smart devices for enhanced disaster readiness CAP Message Processor Alert type & information Alert records Affected areas Alert message buffer Modem Signature validation XML parser Location filter Device Controller Device interfaces Configuration files Device location Resources Local data Rule processor Rule engine Activation parameters and rules “cyber-physical elements of enhanced disaster prepared smart environment,” by Liu, Chu and Shih, to appear in IEEE Computer “Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness,” by Liao, et al, submitted to IEEE UIC 2012

21. Cases for crowdsourcing information collection as parts of SOP 2009 California wildfire Recent major disasters 2011 floods in major cities

22. Technological Support for crowdsourcing Chu, Liu and Shih, “Strategies for Crowdsourcing for Disaster Situation Information,” WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol.119, 2011  Theoretical foundation of crowdsourcing human sensor data:  Models of human sensors and intelligent things  Algorithms for participant selection and tour planning  Information refinement and validation tools  Automatic crawlers and user interface for collecting and summarizing related information posted on clouds  User interfaces to let the crowd help verifying collected information  Algorithms for removal of suspect information after the crowd validation stage  Means for diverse local-based service (LBS) devices and applications to share information

23. Open GeoSMS Open GeoSMS Standard Specification, Ed by C. F. Lin, et al, OGC 09-142r1, Feb. 2010 http://maps.google.com/maps/?q= … &GeoSMS GeoSMS I am attending ESWeek 2011 at TICC in Taipei Let us meet at the conference? EJB. GeoSMS/2; NULL; NULL; Q; Where is TICC GeoSMS/2; 2520.714,N;12138.123.E; B; SMS query for location Reply with application provided location information GeoSMS/2; 2250.124.N; 12155.321.E;E; ROAD_FLOODING GeoSMS/2; 2250.124.N; 12155.321.E;E; SMOKE_VISIBLE Cross platform/system, and service standard Reports from participants Device/system/application provided location in a standard format Location accuracy adequate for now and is improving

24. 2009 Morakat typhoon  Hsiaolin village lost  Over 700 casualties  EOC was blind & deaf

25. Internet Footprint Investigation Service  Active Network Probe (ANP) proactively queries landmarks  Reactive Footprint Searcher (RFS) looks for footprints in potentially disconnected areas reported by ANP L. J. Chen, et at., “A rapid method for detecting geographically disconnected areas after disasters,” to appear in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Technologies for Homeland Security, Nov. 2011 Disaster Response Authorities Request for connectivity report ANP RFS List of polygons around disconnected landmarks Polygons of disconnected areas

26. Internet Mobile cellular base-station Connection Repair Last-mile mesh Gateway router  Mobile cellular base stations provide coverage for large areas temporarily.  Last-mile mesh network extends the coverage area and relays data through cellular stations to/from the Internet

27. Thank You!

28. Server 擴充實境 Smart phone Apps 聚落調查資料庫 保全對象 土石流 山崩地滑 避難處所 河岸侵蝕 重大災例資料庫 該地歷史災例 致災因子資料庫 調查相片

29. OpenISDM Project Overview Goals include  To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems,  To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. Innovative information technologies include:  Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4-D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation  Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms  Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people  Resilient and dynamic open information gateway  Standard-based support for DM applications/services

30. Can facilitate the access, fusion, and use of data and information from all information sources built from things; Can weave together data/information from networked things and information contributed by people via web 2.0 services to offer users less fragmented, more timely and trustworthy information with higher availability; Can support independent development of applications and services for all phases of disaster management; Can adapt with needs, improve through use, and grow in capabilities with scientific and technological advances. Distinguishing Capabilities of Open and Sustainable DMIS