1. PLANTS
L.E. Bio. Unit 7

2. Bryophytes Simple roots, stems, and leaves
No vascular tissue (xylem and phloem).
Short plants.
Ex. mosses & liverworts have simple roots called _______.
Rhizoids
Moss
Liverworts

3. Rhizoids

4. Tracheophytes
Vascular Plants – “true” stems, roots and leaves. w/xylem and phloem, tall plants. ex. ferns
Spermatophytes: tracheophytes, seed plants
Types:
Angiosperms: enclosed seeds, flowering plants, decidous
ex. Maple, oak
Gymnosperms: naked seed plants, non-flowering, retain leaves
ex. Evergreen, pine, conifers.

5. Angiosperms flowering, covered seed, deciduous

6. Gymnosperms naked seed, conifers, evergreens, retain leaves

7. Transpiration:
The evaporation of water through the stomates and lenticels of plants
Stomata
Lenticels

8. Roots: Drawing:LD S3: 27174 1. Region of Maturation or Specialization
4. Root Hairs
3. Xylem
5. Cortex
5.5 Region of Elongation
2. Epidermal Cells
9. Region of Cell Division
6. Phloem
8. Root Cap
7. Apical Meristem
Cell Division

9. Roots: Region/Zone of Cell Division- Region/Zone of Elongation-
Mitotic activity, cells multiply here.
Region/Zone of Elongation-
Cells elongate and become longer.
Region/Zone of Maturation/Specialization-
Abundant root hairs, cells differentiate-become specialized

10. Roots: Root cap- Root Hairs- LD S3: 1931
Covers and protects the end of the root tip, thick walled dead cells.
Root Hairs- LD S3: 1931
Projections of epidermal cells.
Absorb water and minerals from soil be osmosis, diffusion and active transport.

11. The “Root” of the Matter

12. Vascular Tissues Xylem- Phloem-
Tubes that transport water upwards from roots to leaves. Makes up wood.
Phloem-
Tubes that transport food (glucose) downward from leaves to roots.

13. Functions of Roots Anchorage Transport (xylem & phloem)
Absorption of water and minerals
Storage (starch)
Cortex

14. Anchorage

15. Lab 24 Parts 1-3 Roots

16. Lab 24 Structure of Roots and Stems parts 1-3
Vocab. Part 1
Apical meristem
Herbaceous stem
Woody stem
Allium
Ranunculus
Zea mays
Meristem
Zone of elongation
Zone of maturation
Root cap
Part II
Endodermis
Xylem
Phloem
Pericycle
Vascular cylinder
Cortex
Epidermis
Starch grains
Part III
Root hairs

17. Lab 24 Structure of Roots and Stems
Monocot.
Dicot.

18. Ranunculus Root C.S. micro.

19. Ranunculus Root C.S.

20. Ranunculus Vascular Cylinder

21. Ranunculus Vascular Cylinder

22. Ranunculus root C.S.

23. Stems

24. Stem Structure 6. Epidermis 5. Phloem 1. Xylem 3. Cambium 2. Pith
4. Annular Rings

25. Parts of a Stem
Bark consists of:
Epidermis, Phloem, Cambium

26. Annual Growth Rings
How many years is shown by this tree section ?

27. Growth Tissues Cambium (Lateral meristem) Apical meristem
Causes increase in diameter
Two types
Vascular cambium-makes new xylem and phloem
Cork cambium-makes new cork
Apical meristem
Causes increase in length
Found at stem and root tips.

28. Functions of Stems: Support Transport Storage Some photosynthesis
Some Respiration

29. Go to Lab 24 Part 4 Stems

30. Lab 24 Structure of Roots and Stems part 4
Part IV Vocab
Parenchyma
Vascular bundles
Cortex
Vascular cambium
Pith

31. Zea Mays Stem C.S.
                                                                                                                   

32. Vascular Bundle of monocot (Zea mays)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                       

33. Dicot Stem Ranunculus

34. Dicot Stem Ranunculus

35. Leaves

36. Leaf Cross Section 16. Upper epidermis 4. Cuticle
5. Palisade Mesophyll
6. Spongy
Mesophyll
1. Vein
Air space
8. Guard
Cell
14. Cuticle
7. Lower
Epidermis
15. Spongy
Mesophyll
9. Stomata

37. Another view

39. LEAVES: Epidermis- Palisade Layer (Mesophyll)-
Secrets a waxy cuticle layer
No chloroplasts
One cell thick
Lower contains stomates and guard cells
Palisade Layer (Mesophyll)-
Main region of photosynthesis.
Just under upper epidermis.
Dense layer of cells w/ chloroplasts.
Spongy Layer (Mesophyll)-
Underneath palisade layer-fewer chloroplasts less photosynthesis.
Air spaces, storage and diffusion of gases.

40. LEAVES: Veins-composed of Guard Cells and Stomates- Xylem & Phloem
Control the exchange of gasses with the atmosphere. Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water
Open during day, closed at night.

41. Extras See Handout

42. Lenticels
Lenticels

43. Tropisms

44. TROPISMS The response of a plant or animal to a stimulus
                                                  
TROPISMS
The response of a plant or animal to a stimulus
Caused by an unequal distribution of auxins
Auxin = Plant hormone

45. Phototropism

46. Phototropism

47. Geotropism