1. Weathering

2. What is Weathering?

3. The process by which rocks and minerals at the Earth's surface are physically and chemically broken down.

4. Types of Weathering

5. Mechanical Weathering Disintegration

6. Breaks rock into smaller pieces.

7. Abrasion Physical wearing and grinding of a surface through friction.

9. Mushroom Park

11. Animal & Plant Lichen works very slowly to break down granite boulders.

13. Exfoliation The peeling away of large sheets of loosened materials at the surface of a rock.

15. Frost Wedging

19. Mt Brewer in the Sierra Nevada

20. The east ridge of Mt. Brewer

21. Lab: Frost Wedging

22. Chemical Weathering Decomposition

23. Rocks are changed into different materials.

24. Usual Suspects

25. Oxygen

26. Oxidation

30. Acid Rain

33. Lab: Acid Rain

34. Water Weathering

37. Lab: Effects of Weathering on Various Minerals

38. Lab: Observe the Chemical Weathering of Feldspar

39. Mechanical vs. Chemical Mechanical Weathering Changes the size of the rock. Chemical Weathering Changes the composition of the rock.

40. Factors That Control Weathering Surface Area

41. Surface Area

43. Lab: Surface Area vs. Size & Shape

44. Lab: Chemical Weathering vs. Surface Area

45. Factors That Control Weathering Composition of Rock

49. Climate

50. Lab: Temperature vs. Chemical Weathering

51. Erosion & Mass Movements

52. Erosion Removal and transport of materials by wind & running water.

53. Mass Movement Downward transportation of weathered materials by gravity.

55. Soil Earth’s Life Supporting Material.

57. Soil Profile

58. Soil Profile vs. Time

60. Soil Age

61. Soil Composition Refers to the proportions of different particle sizes in the soil.

62. Sand (less than 2 mm) Silt (less than 1/16 mm) Clay (less than 1/256 mm)

65. Sandy soils are light and typically very free draining, usually holding water very poorly due to very low organic content. Clay soils tend to be heavy and difficult to work when dry. Clay soils tend to allow virtually all water to run-off.

66. Soil Texture Triangle

67. 30% clay 20% silt 50% sand 10% clay 70% silt 20% sand 50% clay 20% silt 30% sand Sample A Sample B Sample C Sand Clay Loam Silty Loam Clay

68. Lab: Are You My Type?

69. Lab: Soil Texture Feel Test

70. Soil Texture Feel Test 1 Place about 2 teaspoons of soil in your palm. Add water drop by drop and knead soil until it is moldable and feels like moist putty.

71. Does the soil remain in a ball when squeezed?

72. Soil Texture Feel Test 1 SAND No Yes Move to Soil Texture Feel Test 2!

73. Soil Texture Feel Test 2 Place the ball of soil between your thumb & forefinger. Gently push the soil with thumb, squeezing it upward into a ribbon. Allow the ribbon to emerge and extend over your forefinger until it breaks from its own weight.

74. Does the soil form a ribbon?

75. LOAMY SAND No Yes Move to Soil Texture Feel Test 3!

76. Soil Texture Feel Test 3A Does the soil make a weak ribbon (<1inch long) and feels gritty?

77. LOAM or SILT LOAM No Yes SANDY LOAM

78. Soil Texture Feel Test 3B Does the soil make a medium ribbon (1-2 inch long) and feels gritty?

79. CLAY LOAM or SILT CLAY LOAM No Yes SANDY CLAY LOAM

80. Soil Texture Feel Test 3C Does the soil make a strong ribbon (>2 inch long) and feels gritty?

81. CLAY No Yes SANDY CLAY

82. Porosity Porosity is the percentage of void space in a rock.

83. Soil Porosity

85. Lab: Soil Porosity

87. Lab: Soil Permeability

92. Soil Erosion

95. Causes of Soil Erosion

98. Contour Farming

99. Strip-Cropping

100. Windbreaks

102. Terraces