1. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent SNF DIVISION AGRICULTURE www.snf.fr Organic Binders Agglomeration Industry

2. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Agglomeration Methods Wet Granulation : Tumble/Growth agglomeration. Compaction : Pressure agglomeration Heat/sintering agglomeration. FLOBOND TM GR FLOFORM TM

3. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Fields Of Application Fertilizers: NPK, PK, AN, AS, Organics & Organominerals Micro granulation ( Ø < 1mm) Coal & Fly ashes Ores: Iron, Copper, Gold, Nickel… Metal industry by-products. Minerals: Lime, Dolomite, Clay, Gypsum Metals : Tungsten, titanium oxides, etc… Chemicals: antipests, detergents… Etc…

4. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Wet Granulation : FLOBOND GR FLOBOND GR : DRY GRANULES FLOBOND GR : Liquid & solid bridges Stronger liquid bridges High DCS & dissolution Hydrogen & chemical bondsRemaining FLOBOND GRspeed Liquid Raw materials Pendular State Funiculare State Capillary State + Droplet Powders FLOBOND GR = High strength FLOBOND GR Liquid DRYERCOOLER

5. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Compaction : FLOBOND GR Raw material Powders FLOBOND GR Mixer COMPACTOR COOLER (if relevant) Pelleted product + Flobond GR Higher plasticity = Stronger solid bonds Strong products Dust

6. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Compaction Machine

7. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Heat/sintering agglomeration: FLOFORM FLOFORM GREEN PELLETDRIED PELLETFIRED PELLET Solid liquid bridgesStronger solid bridges Chemical reaction (slag bond) Hydrogen & chemical bonds Recrystallization (sinter bonds) liquid FLOFORM Dry ParticulatesPendular StateFuniculare StateCapillary StateDroplet GREEN PELLET Liquid FURNACE T > 1300 °C

8. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent FLOBOND TM GR properties Forces holding together the granules: –Adhesional and cohesional forces. –Attraction between solid particles. –Mechanical interlocking of the granular particles. –Capillary forces in the liquid film. FLOBOND TM GR products have : –hydrophilic groups to enforce the wettability of particles surface. –Polar functional groups or hydrogen bond groups to establish chemical bonding with the particles. –Strong and heat-resistant skeleton (to maintain the strength in the granule until heating).

9. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Organic Binders : Advantages Substitute acid treatment Small dosage (< 1%) Replace clay or bentonite, increase purity of elements High DCS High dissolution speed Energy savings Cleaner process, Less maintenance Better Productivity

10. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Competitive binders Acids (sulfuric – phosphoric – etc…) Bentonite – zeolithe – clay – lime Cellulose – CMC Lignosulfonates Molasses (Sugar process by products)

11. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Questionaires

12. LAB RESULTS

13. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent The Granulation Process NPKMg Liquid Mixer Good Granules Furnace Cooler Sieving To Recycling Sieving Final Product FLOBOND TM (Liquid) FLOBOND TM (Powder)

14. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent 1. OUTPUT

15. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent

22. 2. DRY COMPRESSION STRENGTH (DCS)

23. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent

26. 3. ATTRITION TESTS

27. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent ATTRITION Granules attrition ranges between 4 and 12%, depending on the fertilizers composition, when using SNF’s Organics Binders. In comparison, the attrition increases up to 4 times more for the granules pelletized with pure water. When using SNF’s Organics Binders, the granules have smooth and regular surfaces, and less surface moisture, which in addition with high DCS and output, gives the best results for fertilizers granulation

28. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent FLOBOND TM GR series LIQUIDS : –FLOBOND TM GR 1140 –FLOBOND TM GR 2240 –FLOBOND TM GR 1620 –FLOBOND TM GR 1820 POWDERS : –FLOBOND TM GR PA 1530 –FLOBOND TM GR PA 420/430/440 –FLOBOND TM GR PC 2040 –FLOBOND TM GR PC 410/450

29. November 2006 - This document is the property of SNF. It must not be reproduced or transfered without prior consent Address SNF S.A.S ZAC de Milieux 42163 ANDREZIEUX Cedex Contact :Alain SENETAIREasenetaire@snf.fr +336 73 67 04 23 Gilles ZAKOSEKgzakosek@snf.fr +336 08 25 68 42 THANKS !!