1. The Skeletal System

2. Vocabulary Skeletal System: A system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue. Cartilage: Flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints. Joint: Points at which bones meet. Ligament: Strong cords of tissue that connect bone to bone at joints. Tendon: Tough bands of tissue that attach muscle to bone.

3. Jobs of Bones Movement: Bones provide attachment points for muscles. The body moves when a muscle pulls on a bone. Support: Your backbone is made up of 24 bones called…vertebrae. The backbone supports your upper body and head. Protection: –Cranium: Protects your brain –Ribs and Sternum: Protect your lungs and heart –Pelvis: Protects and supports your internal organs –Spinal Column: Protects your spinal cord.

4. Jobs of Bones Blood Cell Formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by a tissue called marrow which is located in the center of your long bones. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus for later use by the body

5. The Skeleton Skull / Cranium Clavicle Rib Cage Sternum Humerus Ulna Radius Ilium Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Coccyx Vertebrae

6. Spongy Bone Blood Vessels Marrow Periosteum

7. The Joints Hinge: Only move in one direction –Elbow –Knee Gliding: Allow bones to slide over each other –Wrists –Ankles Pivot: Allows for bone rotation –Tibia & Fibula –Radius & Ulna –Neck & Skull Ball & Socket: Can move in all directions –Hip –Shoulder

8. Problems ProblemDescriptionTreatment / Prevention Fracture A break in the bone Bones are set into place and kept from moving usually in a cast Dislocation Bone coming out of it’s joint Bones are set back into place and kept from moving usually in a splint Sprain Swelling of a joint cause by overstretched ligaments Rest / restricted movement of the joint Arthritis Swelling and stiffness of the joints caused by wear and tear Pain relievers / anti- inflammatory medication / replacement

9. Problems ProblemDescription Treatment / Prevention Scoliosis Curvature of the spine Exercise if minor / braces or surgery for severe Osteomyelitis Bacterial infection of the bone Antibiotics Osteoporosis Bones become brittle due to lack of calcium, protein, and hormones Regular exercise / diet rich in calcium Osteoscarcoma Bone Cancer Chemotherapy / radiation