1. 1750-1900 BY: ELIZABETH SPRINKLE

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ORIGINS: BEGAN IN ENGLAND, BUT MOVED ACROSS EUROPE AND EVENTUALLY TO THE UNITED STATES. NEW MACHINES: STEAM ENGINE, IRON MAKING, CANALS, FACTORIES EFFECTS ON SOCIETY: DIFFERENTIATED THE SOCIAL CLASSES, AND GAVE MEN OPPORTUNITY, KNOWLEDGE, AND PHYSICAL POWER OVER NATURE.

3. INDUSTRIALIZATION POLITICAL EFFECTS: EUROPEAN COUNTRIES GAINED THE POWER TO EXPAND AND OCCUPY NEW TERRITORIES ECONOMIC EFFECTS: FACTORIES BROUGHT IN MONEY, AND CREATED JOBS.

4. FACTORY SYSTEM SOCIAL IMPACT: DROVE OUT THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM, WHICH FORCED PEOPLE TO WORK IN FACTORIES INSTEAD OF AT HOME ECONOMIC IMPACT: HIGHER MASS PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND INTRODUCED THE ASSEMBLY LINE

5. AMERICAN REVOLUTION CAUSES: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR, STAMP ACT, TOWNSHEND ACTS, BOSTON MASSACRE, BOSTON TEA PARTY, AND FIRST/SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS EFFECTS: DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, TREATY OF PARIS, ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, FEDERALIST PAPERS, AND BILL OF RIGHTS

6. FRENCH REVOLUTION CAUSES: CONFLICT BETWEEN MONARCHY AND NOBILITY, THE ENLIGHTENMENT, INEFFECTIVE LEADER (LOUIS XVI), AND ECONOMIC HARDSHIP NATIONAL ASSEMBLY: FORMED BY REPS FROM 3 RD ESTATE; TENNIS COURT OATH, STORMING THE BASTILLE, GREAT FEAR BREAKS OUT, DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN

7. FRENCH REVOLUTION CONT. CONVENTION TO NAPOLEON: NATIONAL CONVENTION WAS ELECTED TO PROVIDE A NEW CONSTITUTION AFTER THE OVERTHROW OF THE MONARCHY; OVERTHREW ROBESPIERRE AND APPROVED THE DIRECTORY NAPOLEON BONAPARTE: MILITARY LEADER WHO BECAME THE LEADER DURING THE LATTER STAGES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

8. CONGRESS OF VIENNA REORGANIZED EUROPE AFTER THE REIGN OF NAPOLEON AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA, RUSSIA, AND BRITAIN (LATER FRANCE) KLEMENS, PRINCE VON MATTERNICH MADE AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN COUNTRIES TO KEEP POWER EVEN THROUGHOUT EUROPE

9. LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 3 REVOLUTIONS: HAITIAN, MEXICAN, BRAZILIAN SIMON BOLIVAR: SOUTH AMERICAN SOLDIER AND STATESMAN WHO LED THE REVOLUTIONS AGAINST SPANISH RULE IN THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW GRANADA; LIBERATOR OF VENEZUELA

10. HAITIAN REVOLUTION CAUSES: SLAVE REVOLT IN FRENCH COLONY OF SAINT-DOMINGUE TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE: BECAME GENERAL, AND LED THE HAITIAN ARMY OF SLAVES TO FIGHT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND SPAIN FOR 12 YEARS EFFECTS: SLAVES GAINED FREEDOM AND ESTABLISHED A FREE REPUBLIC SOCIETY

11. EUROPE CONSERVATISM IN EUROPE: A REACTIONARY PHILOSOPHY SUPPORTING MONARCHY AND THE OLD WAYS; ARGUED FOR CHANGE TO BE MADE AS SLOWLY AS POSSIBLE LIBERALISM IN EUROPE: BUSINESSMEN AND PROFESSIONALS WANTED MODERN, AND EFFICIENT SELF-GOVERNMENT

12. NATIONALISM FRANCE AND BRITAIN’S STRONG SENSE OF NATIONALISM CAUSED OTHER COUNTRIES TO BECOME JEALOUS AND WANT THE SAME “UNITY.” NATIONALIST GROUPS FORMED, AND PLOTTED REBELLIONS

13. KARL MARX SOCIALISM: THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION ARE OWNED BY THE PUBLIC AND OPERATE FOR THE WELFARE OF ALL “COMMUNIST MANIFESTO”: SOCIETIES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN DIVIDED INTO WARRING CLASSES; THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD ENRICHED THE WEALTHY AND IMPOVERISHED THE POOR

14. UNIFICATION OF GERMANY OTTO VON BISMARK: PRIME MINISTER OF PRUSSIA, DETERMINED TO UNITE THE GERMAN STATES INTO A SINGLE EMPIRE EFFECTS: STRONG EMPHASIS ON MODERNIZING CURRENCY, BANKING, LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEMS

15. UNIFICATION OF ITALY CAMILLO DI CAVOUR: USING THE TOOLS OF REALPOLITIK, UNITED ITALY UNDER THE CROWN OF SARDINIA REALPOLITIK: THE NOTION THAT POLITICS MUST BE CONDUCTED IN TERMS OF THE REALISTIC ASSESSMENT OF POWER AND THE SELF-INTEREST OF INDIVIDUAL NATION-STATES

16. ZIONISM ORIGIN: BEGAN EARLIER AND RELATES TO JUDAISM AND JEWISH HISTORY EFFECTS: ZIONISTS CREATED 20 NEW JEWISH SETTLEMENTS IN PALESTINE BETWEEN 1870 AND 1897

17. CRIMEAN WAR(1853-1856) CAUSES: RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRITAIN AND FRANCE(ALLIES) AND RUSSIA AND ACCESS TO RELIGIOUS SIGHTS IN THE HOLY LAND EFFECTS: PREVENTED THE IMMANENT COLLAPSE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND FORMED NEW ALLIANCES THROUGHOUT EUROPE

18. EMANCIPATION OF SERFS IN RUSSIA (1861) CAUSES: ALEXANDER II RECOGNIZED THE FEUDAL SYSTEM IN RUSSIA WAS LONG OUTDATED, AND PUBLISHED HIS EMANCIPATION MANIFESTO EFFECTS: ALL PRIVATELY OWNED SERFS WERE GIVEN THE RIGHT TO BECOME FREE CITIZENS, FREE TO MARRY, OWN LAND AND OWN BUSINESSES. ALSO INCREASED THE ECONOMIC GROWTH BETWEEN 1860- 1900

19. NEW IMPERIALISM CAUSES: COUNTRIES FOCUSED ON BUILDING THEIR EMPIRE WITH NEW TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS, MAKING THEIR COUNTRY BIGGER THROUGH CONQUEST, AND EXPLOITING THEIR RESOURCES. EFFECTS: GAINED NATURAL RESOURCES, MAP OF AFRICA MADE, AFRICANS LOST CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

20. “THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN” WRITTEN BY RUDYARD KIPLING AND PUBLISHED IN 1899 SUMMARY: TELLS AMERICANS TO PICK UP THE BURDEN OF IMPERIALISM AND TO TAKE OVER FROM SPAIN THE RULE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, WHICH THE UNITED STATES HAD JUST CAPTURED IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. THOUGHT OF AN AMERICAN EMPIRE

21. SOCIAL DARWINISM THE THEORY, NOW LARGELY DISCREDITED, THAT INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, AND PEOPLES ARE SUBJECT TO THE SAME DARWINIAN LAWS OF NATURAL SELECTION

22. COLONIAL POSSESSIONS DIRECT CONTROL: THE COLONY IS UNDER CONTROL BY THE MOTHER COUNTRY AS A RESULT OF CONQUEST. INDIRECT CONTROL: THE COLONY WAS GIVEN A DEGREE OF AUTONOMY (INDEPENDENCE)

23. SEPOY REBELLION CAUSES: INDIANS (SEPOYS) WERE TIRED OF WORKING UNDER BRITISH RULE IN THE EAST INDIA COMPANY; 85 WERE CONVICTED OF MUTINY AND OTHERS REVOLTED AND FREED THE CONVICTED INDIANS AND KILLED 40 BRITISH OFFICERS.

24. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (INC) ORIGINS: FOUNDED ON DECEMBER 28, 1885 IN INDIA BECAME THE LARGEST AND MOST PROMINENT INDIAN PUBLIC ORGANIZATION MODERN INDIAN NATIONALISM

25. KING LEOPOLD WHO WAS HE? LEOPOLD II, WAS THE KING OF THE BELGIANS AND IS PRIMARILY REMEMBERED FOR THE FOUNDING AND BRUTAL EXPLOITATION OF THE CONGO FREE STATE

26. BERLIN CONFERENCE (1884-1885) WHAT WAS IT? FROM NOVEMBER 1884 TO FEBRUARY 1885, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES MET IN BERLIN TO DIVIDE AFRICA AMONG THEMSELVES TO COLONIZE THE CONTINENT.

27. OPIUM WAR CAUSES: CHINA'S ISOLATIONIST TRADE POLICY WITH THE WEST CHINA’S OPIUM ADDICTION NEITHER COUNTRY WILLING TO COMPROMISE RESULTS: OPENED FIVE NEW PORTS IN CHINA FOR TRADE WITH THE WEST TRADE TAXES WERE ALSO LIMITED TO 5% CHINESE WERE FORCED TO PAY THE BRITISH 9 MILLION DOLLARS

28. TAIPING REBELLION (1850’S AND 1860’S) CAUSES: MISGOVERNMENT AND CORRUPTION, OVER-TAXATION AND LANDLORDISM IN RURAL DISTRICTS RESULTS: ENDED CHINA'S ISOLATIONIST OUTLOOK; AGE OF THE EMPERORS WAS FINISHED; CHANGED THE WAY OF THE GOVERNMENT

29. SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT WHAT WAS IT? 1861–1895, WAS A PERIOD OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS INITIATED DURING THE LATE QING DYNASTY FOLLOWING A SERIES OF MILITARY DEFEATS AND CONCESSIONS TO FOREIGN POWERS.

30. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE WHAT WAS IT? A SPATIAL REGION OR CONCEPT DIVISION OVER WHICH A STATE OR ORGANIZATION HAS SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, MILITARY, OR POLITICAL INFLUENCE.

31. BOXER REBELLION (1899-1900) WHAT WAS IT? A MEMBER OF A CHINESE SECRET SOCIETY THAT CARRIED ON AN UNSUCCESSFUL UPRISING AGAINST FOREIGNERS THAT WAS PUT DOWN BY AN INTERNATIONAL FORCE

32. MONROE DOCTRINE WHAT WAS IT? A DOCUMENT THAT PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE ISSUED AND STATED THAT AMERICAN CONTINENTS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE SUBJECTS FOR FUTURE COLONIZATION BY ANY EUROPEAN POWER.

33. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898-1900) WHAT WAS IT? A CONFLICT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SPAIN; IN WHICH THE UNITED STATES SUPPORTED CUBANS' FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE.

34. U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY WHAT WAS IT? A POLICY, PROPOSED BY THE U.S IN 1899, WHICH STATED THAT ALL NATIONS WOULD HAVE EQUAL OPPORTUNITES TO TRADE IN CHINA.

35. MEIJI RESTORATION WHAT WAS IT? YOUNG EMPEROR, MUTSUHITO, REALIZED THE BEST WAY TO MOVE PAST THE PREVIOUS DICTATORSHIP, WAS TO MODERNIZE JAPAN. HE SENT DIPLOMATS TO EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA TO STUDY THE WESTERN CIVILIZATION, AND LEARN WHAT COULD BENEFIT JAPAN THE BEST.

36. SINO-JAPANESE WAR WHAT WAS IT? AFTER SIGNING A "HANDS-OFF AGREEMENT", CHINA BROKE THE PLEDGE AND REBELLED AGAINST KOREA'S KING. JAPAN SENT IN TROOPS TO FIGHT AGAINST CHINA, AND DROVE OUT THE CHINESE, DESTROYED THEIR NAVY AND GAINED COLONIES.

37. DECLINE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE CAUSES: DIFFICULTY CHANGING TO THE MODERN WAYS REFORMS FAIL GEOPOLITICS CRIMEAN WAR

38. MUHAMMAD ALI WHO WAS HE? A SOLDIER THAT CAME INTO LEADERSHIP BECAUSE OF MILITARY SKILL. HE GAINED CONTROL OF SYRIA AND ARABIA, AND HIS HEIRS AND HIM WERE RECOGNIZED AS THE RULERS OF EGYPT. BEGAN A SERIES OF REFORMS IN MILITARY AND ECONOMY FOCUSED ON PRODUCTION OF COTTON

39. MACHINES INVENTED STEAM ENGINE: IMPROVED WATER AND ROAD TRANSPORTATION INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS: MADE WORK IN FACTORES EASIER COTTON GIN: INCREASED THE AMOUNT OF COTTON THAT COULD BE CLEANED TELEGRAPH: COMMUNICATION BECAME EASIER