1. BY: NAT^2 TO THE MAX ALTERNATIVES TO INDUSTRIAL FARMING

2. TERM: INDUSTRIAL FARMING Mass production of food done in factory farms by raising large numbers of animals.

3. TERM: SHIFTING AGRICULTURE An agricultural system in which a person uses a piece of land, only to abandon or alter the initial use a short time later.

4. WHY SHIFTING AGRICULTURE? Farmers would use this technique because then it gives their land time to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot. Many use a practice of “slash-and-burn” as one element of their farming cycle.

5. COUNTRIES WHERE IT HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT It is practiced in much of the world’s humid low- latitude, or “A” climate regions, which have high temperatures and abundant rainfall. Especially in the tropical rainforests of South America, Central and West Africa, and Southeast Asia.

6. WHAT IS ITS POSITIVE IMPACT ON LAND AND WATER NEARBY? Slash is burned converting biomass into nutrient-rich ash. Burning temporarily eliminates most pest and weed species. Farmers may add additional slashed vegetation from offsite as mulch which further enhances soil fertility while protecting the soil form erosion. Saves resources

7. RISKS AND DRAWBACKS Deforestation Erosion Nutrient Loss Biodiversity Loss

8. TERM: NOMADIC GRAZING Also known as, nomadic pastoralizing. You are married to your animals. Literally. This is known as, animal husbandry: the care, tending and use of animals.

9. WHY NOMADIC FARMING? They want to care for the animals they raise. They might not be as technologically advanced as other farmers which is why they settle for this method. Livestock are moved around in order to keep lands healthy in order to continue grazing.

10. COUNTRIES WHERE IT HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT It occurs mostly in Africa, Asia, and Europe.

11. WHAT IS ITS POSITIVE IMPACT ON LAND AND WATER NEARBY? Helps conserve large areas of vegetation fairly healthy for continued use of grazing Biological diversity is enhanced Produces a significant amount of nutrient loss in an area Prevents overgrazing and water pollution

12. RISKS AND DRAWBACKS If there is not enough time for lands to recover it could lead to desertification Climate change can leave the livestock without food or water Since nomads are always moving they will never be able to rely on permanent crops

13. WORKS CITED FOR PICTURES USED Industrial Farming pic: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Florida _chicken_house.jpg & http://diginn.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/06/blog_industrialfarming.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Florida _chicken_house.jpghttp://diginn.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/06/blog_industrialfarming.jpg Nomadic Pastoralism pic: http://agriculturechp10.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/2/1/112154 73/1335920.jpeg?443 http://agriculturechp10.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/2/1/112154 73/1335920.jpeg?443 Underdeveloped countries map: http://www.finnfund.fi/yritys/en_GB/map/_files/7930374218993 2369/default/kartta%202011.jpg http://www.finnfund.fi/yritys/en_GB/map/_files/7930374218993 2369/default/kartta%202011.jpg Shifting Agriculture pic: http://agrobiodiversityplatform.org/climatechange/files/2010/ 11/Shifting-cultivation-by-the-Trio-tribe-in-the-rainforest-of- Southern-Suriname-photo-Rhett-A.-Butler.jpg & http://www.fao.org/docrep/u4390e/fn08-00.gif http://agrobiodiversityplatform.org/climatechange/files/2010/ 11/Shifting-cultivation-by-the-Trio-tribe-in-the-rainforest-of- Southern-Suriname-photo-Rhett-A.-Butler.jpg http://www.fao.org/docrep/u4390e/fn08-00.gif

14. WORKS CITED FOR INFORMATION USED “Shifting Cultivation.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. Intern, Colin. “Slash and Burn Agriculture.” About Education. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. “Agriculture.” Agriculture. Web. 9 Apr. 2015. “Slash and Burn.” Slash and Burn. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. “Pastoralists’ Vital Role in Resource Management.” Nomadic Herders. Katherine Johnsen, 1 Mar. 2012. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.