1. Bamboo Reinforced Concrete

2. Introduction
Concrete is a widely used construction material for its various advantages such as low cost, availability, fire resistance etc.
It cannot be used alone everywhere because of its low tensile strength. So, generally steel is used to reinforce the concrete. Though steel has a high tensile strength to complement the low tensile strength of concrete, use of steel should be limited since it is very costly and also so much energy consuming in manufacturing process.
Steel, cement, synthetic polymers and metal alloys used for construction activities are energy intensive as well as cause environmental pollution during their entire life cycle.
To overcome these problems bamboo is used as reinforcing bar in concrete.

3. Bamboo
Bamboo
- composite material with long and parallel cellulose fibers in its structure.
- exhibits good flexibility and toughness characteristics.
- bamboo can bend as much as touching the ground without breaking.
On the environment side, the bamboo is a harmless plant at pollution because it assimilates a lot of nitrogen and other function is to decrease the carbon dioxide in the air.

5. Objective
To study the strength of Bamboo reinforced cement slab of small thickness.
To study the strength of bamboo reinforced column for supporting the slab with load.
To study the behavior of bamboo reinforced structure with slab and columns connected together.
To study the above using light weight aggregate.
To arrive at the possibility of making eco-friendly low cost stools using bamboo reinforced concrete.

6. LITERATURE REVIEW

7. 1. Investigation on properties of bamboo as reinforcing material in concrete
This paper was presented by Harish Sakaray, N.V. Vamsi Krishna Togati and I.V. Ramana Reddy in International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2012, pp Tirupathi
An attempt has been made for finding bamboo as reinforcement in concrete.
various physical and mechanical properties of bamboo are determined.
M-30 grade mix concrete is used as per IS-456:2000 specifications. The concrete mix proportion (cement: fine aggregate: course aggregate) is 1:1.5:3 with a 0.54 water-cement ratio for cast cylinders for pull out test.
To determine the Mechanical properties of bamboo various tested were conducted.

8. Tensile test: Moso type of Bamboo samples of length 600mm was used
Tensile test: Moso type of Bamboo samples of length 600mm was used. Three types of specimens are used, - centre node The failure of bamboo members are observed as node failure . - nodes at 1/4th of length from each ends - split failure at middle of the specimen. - random nodes. - combination of both

9. Modulus of Elasticity
Two types of specimens are used
- centre node
- nodes at 1/4th of length from each end.
central nodes stress are greater.
the nodes can resists the deflection of bamboo.
Water absorption test
“ALGICOAT RC-104” is used as a water proofing agent.
The water absorption capacity of bamboo increases with increase in nodes this may be due to presence of powder like substance at nodes.
There is no large amount of swelling in bamboo.

10. Compressive test:
Hollow culms of 152mm length were used.
Three types of specimens are used
- central node
- end node
- without nodes
The stress value is greater for central node specimen.

11. Pull-out test:
Measure of bond strength or interfacial strength between the bamboo and a concrete was found.
Three types specimens are used
- uncoated bamboo
- water proofing material coated bamboo - ALGICOAT RC-104
- HYSD steel bars of 8mm diameter.
P - ultimate load at failure, d - diameter of specimen and Lb - length of bonding.

12. Pull-out failure occurred due to the shear strength between the bamboo and the concrete.
Bond stress of bamboo with concrete is very low compared to HYSD steel bars, due to surface smoothness of bamboo.
The nodes possess brittle behaviour and the inter-nodal regions possess ductile behaviour.
The average tensile strength of moso bamboo from present study is 125N/mm2, which is half the strength of mild steel.

13. 2. Determination of Tensile Property of Bamboo for Using as Potential Reinforcement in the Concrete
This paper was presented by Md Ahsan Sabbir, S.M. Ashfaqul Hoq, and Saiada Fuadi Fancy in International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 05 oct 2011.
This research was undertaken to investigate the possibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in the concrete beam to compensate the low tensile property of the concrete.
Tension test was conducted on bamboo specimen.
3 samples of finished bamboo without GI spiral and 5 samples of finished bamboo with GI spiral was used in this test.
Using of GI wire
- no smashing and slippage occurs at the grip.
- tensile strength has been found to be high.
Without GI wire
- strength is considerably low because of the premature failure at the grip.

14. Gripping of bamboo reinforcement
Proper gripping is an important factor for tensile test.
The surface of the bamboo specimen is very slippery and therefore the samples in some case experienced slip at the time of tension test.

15. Results Of Tension Tests For Normal Bamboo Surface At Grip Area

16. Results Of Tension Tests For Bamboo With GI Wire At Grip Area

17. 3. Characteristic Strength of Concrete Column Reinforced with Bamboo Strips
This paper was presented by Musbau Ajibade Salau, Ismail Adegbite and Efe Ewaen Ikponmwosa in Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 5, No. 1; January Nigeria
This work investigated to find the structural strength of concrete column reinforced with bamboo strips.
Experimental work includes load capacity test, deflection and failure patterns observation of eighteen concrete columns.
Varying bamboo, from 4No to 12No, strips of coated seasoned bamboo of cross-section 8x10mm, were used to reinforce the concrete columns.
Three other samples of column were reinforced with four length of 12mm high yield steel while the remaining was plain concrete.

18. For the reinforcement, the bamboo strips were lightly scratched to induce roughness on the surface.
To reduce water absorption and increase the bond
- bamboo strips were coated with bitumen
- wound round with 1mm diameter coir rope along the strip from end to end.
- fine sands were sprinkled over the coats of bitumen on its surface.
The use of bamboo strips as reinforcement in column is to induce elasticity in the concrete section and to guide against sudden failure.
Sand coating increase the bonding, which in turn translates to good strength.
The bamboo reinforced concrete column is recommended for lightly loaded structures and low rise constructions.

19. 4. Compressive strength and ductility of short concrete columns reinforced by bamboo
This paper was presented by Satjapan Leelatanon, Suthon Srivaro and Nirundorn Matan in Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), , Jul. - Aug Thailand
The paper presents the structural and environmentally sustainable aspects of Bamboo as a reinforcing material instead of steel reinforcement in concrete columns.
Seven small-scale short columns (125 mm x 125 mm x 600 mm) with different type of reinforcements were tested to investigate strength capacity and ductility.
Bamboo treated with water-repellent substance-Sikadur-31CFN
- higher strength and ductility.
Bamboo without surface treatment
- could resist the axial load.
- low ductility.

21. Comparison between plain concrete column and columns reinforced by bamboo
Plain concrete specimen C and the column reinforced by 1.6% of
reinforcing bamboo without surface treatment, shows
- brittle behavior.
- low ductility.
This causes problem for water absorption and bond strength between bamboo and concrete during the casting and curing of concrete.
Columns reinforced by bamboo had more
- ductility and
- strength capacity.
The columns reinforced by reinforcing bamboo treated with the water-repellent substance, Sikadur-31CFN,
- shows more strength and ductility before concrete is casted.

22. Conclusion from the literature review
Many researchers have been trying to find on non-polluting and eco-friendly materials for the construction.
Recently bamboo was consider to make use as a reinforcement material as it behave in-elastically even in light loads.
Experimental research is focused on the use of bamboo as a reinforcing material instead of steel reinforcement in concrete.
Bamboo is seismically resisting material and for sustainable environment development without harming our global environment.
It was found that the bamboo reinforcement is in satisfactory condition after 15 years. But the steel reinforcing bars are severely corroded.
Water treatment is needed for good bond strength.
It was found that Bamboo can be used as an alternative materials as a reinforcing bar in concrete.

23. WORK DONE Mix proportion for M15 concrete is calculated.
Size of coarse aggregate = 10 mm
The water cement ratio is 0.5
The mix ratio for cement. Fine and coarse aggregate is 1:2:3

24. DETAILS OF THE SPECIMEN
FOR SLAB
For testing model the dimension of slab was 300x300 mm with slab thickness given in table 1.
Thickness of the bamboo = 6, 8 and 10mm
Totally 81 slabs has to cast and tested under bending.
FOR COLUMN
Height of the column = 450 mm
Diameter of the bamboo = 6, 8 and 10 mm
Type of the column - Square column
Different size of the columns is given in table 2.
Totally 27 columns has to casted and tested under axial load.

25. Table 1 Specimen details of the slab
SI.No
Thickness of Bamboo Sticks
Thickness of the slab mm
Spacing
No of Specimens 1
6mm 20 25 3 40 50 30

26. 2
8mm 20 25 3 40 50 30

27. 3
10mm 30 25 40 50
Total No of Specimens 81

28. Table 2 Different size of the column
Specimen No
Size of the column mm
Bamboo Reinforcement 1
20 x 20
6mm x 4 Nos 2
25 x 25
8mm x 4 Nos 3
30 x 30
10mm x 4 Nos

29. Reinforcement details
The reinforcement details of slabs are given in table 3. Fig.2 shows 10 no of 25 mm spacing c/c bamboo reinforced strips, Fig.3 shows 8 no of 40 mm spacing c/c bamboo reinforced strips, Fig.4 shows 5 no of 50 mm spacing c/c bamboo reinforced strips.

30. Table 3 Reinforcement details of the slab
SI.No
Thickness bamboo, mm
No. of bamboo reinforcement bars
Spacing in mm 1 4 10 25 8 40 50 2 6 3

31. Fig 2 Reinforcement detail for 25mm spacing

32. Fig 3 Reinforcement detail for 40mm spacing

33. Fig 4 Reinforcement detail for 50mm spacing

34. CONCLUSION
Based on the literature available, it was found that the research work in using bamboo as reinforcement in concrete is vast. However for smaller applications such as house hold articles using cement and bamboo reinforcement the number of publications available are scarce.
In this project an attempt is planned to be made for making light weight concrete stools for school furniture purposes in the place of wooden furniture.

35. FUTURE WORK
Behavior of slabs and columns using bamboo reinforcement will be determined by testing the specimens. The same will be studied using ANSYS modeling. Finally, both the results have to be compared.

36. THANK YOU