1. METRIC SYSTEM & NUMBERS Unit Conversions in metric units Temp. scales Scientific notation Significant figures 1 lb =454g 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 gal = 3.79 l F = 1.8 * o C +32 C = 5/9*( o F-32 ) K = 273.15 + o C SI Units: International units Mass --> g vol--> m 3 length--> m temp-->K time-->s energy-->J 1 ml = 1 cm 3 1 cm

2. BASE: gram, meter, liter g, m, l 10 0 = 1 decid 10 -1 centic10 -2 millim 10 -3 micro 10 -6 deka da10 1 hecto h 10 2 kilok 10 3 Mega; M; 10 6 Giga; G; 10 9 Tera; T; 10 12 nano; n; 10 -9 angstrom; ; 10 -10 A o pico; p; 10 -12 SMALLER: down scale, move dec. pt. left LARGER: up scale, move dec. pt. right 10 -4 10 -5 10 -7 10 -8 10 -11 10 1 100 1000.1.01.001 How many to make A “base” unit

3. CONVERSIONS Use “Dimensional Analysis” -- Factor Label -- Look at the “unit labels” You are asked to convert 526.48 feet to ??? Yards. 1. Identify the GIVEN: 526.48 ft 2. Place the GIVEN in fraction form over “1” 3. Set up the conversion factor(s): 1 yd = 3 ft 4.Calculate answer, also, use the proper “label” sig. figures yd 175.49 FORM:

4. How many km is 745.26 cm? km0.0074526 7.4526 * 10 2 cm * 1 m * 1 km 1 10 2 cm 10 3 m OR = 0.0074526 km 7.4526 * 10 -3 km

5. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION FORM __. __ __ __ __ * 10 +/- exp 6.25 * 10 4 9.146 * 10 -7 6.25 * 10000 = 62500 0.0000009146 “+” exponent, move decimal point to right “-” exponent, move decimal point to left any non-zero single digit

6. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 1. All nonzero digits are significant 5.37 cm4.293g 2. Zeros between nonzero digits are sig.106 ml1.02 L 3. Zeros to the right of the dec. pt. at the end of a number are sig. 8.00 ml 23.0600 km 4. Zeros preceding the 1 st nonzero digit in a number are not sig. 0.002 g 0.060 * 10 -3 mm 0.00000725 L 34 33 3 6 1 2 3 5. Zeros at the end of a number but to the left of the dec. pt. are sig. if a bar is over the zero 500 _ _ 12 3

7. EXACT NUMBERS Numbers from definitions or count of objects. These are not considered when determining sig. figures, they contain “no uncertainty” OPERATIONS Add / Subtract Result is the same number of decimal places as the number w/ the least number of decimal places Multiply / Divide Result rounded to the same number of sig. figs. as the number w/ the least number of sig. figs.

8. ADD / SUBTRACT 251.708 7.6 + 23.4524 48.3737 - 4.37 282.7604 282.8 44.0037 44.00

9. MULTIPLY / DIVIDE 152.06 * 0.24 5.6 * 10 3 8.50 36.4944 36 658.82353 => 660 6.6 * 10 2 660 This could also be used without placing a bar over the zero

10. TEMPERATURE SCALES Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin BOILING PT. water FREEZING PT. water oFoF oCoC K 212 o 100 o 373.15 o 32 o 0o0o 273.15 o ( K = 273.15 + o C ) ROOM TEMP. air 68 o 20 o 293.15 o C = 5/9*( o F-32 ) ( F = 1.8 * o C +32)

11. MASS: WEIGHT: Based on quantity of matter present Not affected by gravity Affected by gravitational force Earth: Mass = 200 lbs Weight = 200 lbs Moon: Mass = 200 lbs Weight = 35 lbs Less gravitational pull 1/6 than earth Mass = 200 lbs Weight = 35 lbs

12. DENSITY Equation Density: represents mass per unit volume 1 ml = 1 cm 3 Relationship: Also, keep in mind that

13. Know mass & vol, find Density Know Density & vol, find mass m = D * v Know Density & mass, find volume Label: g/ml or g/cm 3 Label: g Label: ml or cm 3 liquid solid

14. Specific Gravity density of subst. divided by density of water Unitless number: density w/o label D H2O = spec. gravity = 1

15. What is Energy???? -Capacity or ability to do work, cause some type of change some type of changeWORK?? -when a force affects the motion of -when a force affects the motion of an object, work is done an object, work is done ENERGY -Definition -Types of -Law of

16. Two Main Types of E POTENTIAL & KINETIC Potential E -stored E -E that matter possesses because of its position or composition Kinetic E -E of matter in motion -P.E. converted to K.E.

17. CHEMICAL -Contained in all matter -P.E. from the composition Other Forms -Radiant, includes Visible light, IR, UV, Microwave, X- Rays -Heat, Electrical -Solar, Atomic (Nuclear)

18. Law of Conservation of E -Total amount of E in universe is constant -E is neither created nor destroyed; -changes form, may not be useful

19. HEAT: TEMPERATURE: -- Most common form of E -- The amt. of internal E in matter -- Amt. of E transferred from one subst. to another subst. when a temp. diff. is present -- Measure of degree of hotness or coldness of matter EXO THERMIC: Release of HEAT energy ENDO THERMIC: Absorbs HEAT energy

20. calorie: Amt. of heat E required to raise 1 g of water 1 o C 1 Cal = 1000 cal = 1 kcal Amt. of heat required to raise 1 g or subst. 1 o C ref. is water = 1 cal / g. o C Heat (cal) = Mass * spec. heat * temp. change T final - T initial Specific heat cal = * *

21. 0.255 kg of molten Au is cooled from 1246.3 o C to 1175.62 o C. The spec. heat is 0.031 How much heat is involved? 0.250 kg = 250 g temp. change = 1175.62 - 1246.3 = -70.68 = -70.7 o C Specific heat = Heat (cal) = 255 g * * -70.7 o C = -558.884 = -559 cal