1. TEXT STRUCTURE

2. CHRONOLOGICAL/ SEQUENTIAL
Text organization may put details in order of time, procedural, or spacial sequence.
Signal Words: First, next, finally, after, before, during, throughout, then, etc.

3. CHRONOLOGICAL/ SEQUENCE EXAMPLE
When assembling the nuts and bolts on the back of the washing machine, first start with the smallest bolts on the inside. Then continue with the larger ones on the outside. After this step in completed, use Screws A through D to put the back panel in place.

4. CHRONOLOGICAL/ SEQUENCE EXAMPLE
When assembling the nuts and bolts on the back of the washing machine, first start with the smallest bolts on the inside. Then continue with the larger ones on the outside. After this step in completed, use Screws A through D to put the back panel in place.

5. Can you think of instances when someone would choose to organize his or her writing using chronological/sequential organization?

6. COMPARE and CONTRAST
This text format compares two or more things or ideas and tells how they are alike and different.
Signal Words: Alike, like, unlike, different,
resemble, neither, in common, equal, than, etc.

7. COMPARE and CONTRAST EXAMPLE
Green Day (GD) and My Chemical Romance (MCR) are both good bands. GD has been around for much longer than MCR, but I do not believe that MCR is any less accomplished. All four of the albums that MCR has released consist of quality songs with meaningful and powerful lyrics. GD has had its moments as well. Though both bands are different in many ways, they are equal in musical talent.

8. COMPARE and CONTRAST EXAMPLE
Green Day (GD) and My Chemical Romance (MCR) are both good bands. GD has been around for much longer than MCR, but I do not believe that MCR is any less accomplished. All four of the albums that MCR has released consist of quality songs with meaningful and powerful lyrics. Like MCR, GD has had its moments as well. Though both bands are different in many ways, they are equal in musical talent.

9. CAUSE and EFFECT
Format shows what happens and what occurs as a result.
Cause: why something happened
Effect: what happened as a result
Signals:
If ____________ then, _______________.
Due to, because, reason, etc.

10. CAUSE and EFFECT EXAMPLE
I used to hate cats. I thought they were selfish, smelly animals that scratched and bit people. Then, I got one as a pet. Because of that, my cat is my best friend. He is sweet, cuddly, and soft. He doesn’t smell, and he doesn’t bite. Now, I love cats. If you try something new, then maybe you will find you don’t hate it as much as you thought.

11. CAUSE and EFFECT EXAMPLE
I used to hate cats. I thought they were selfish, smelly animals that scratched and bit people. Then, I got one as a pet. Because of that, my cat is my best friend. He is sweet, cuddly, and soft. He doesn’t smell, and he doesn’t bite. Now, I love cats. If you try something new, then maybe you will find you don’t hate it as much as you thought.

12. PROBLEM and SOLUTION
Format gives facts and details to illustrate the problem, and then proposes a solution to the problem.
Signal words: Factor, issue, reason, dilemma, answer, possibility, etc.

13. PROBLEM and SOLUTION EXAMPLE
In the early 1800s, the United States needed room to grow. Most people lived in the East. Crowded cities were an issue, and new land was expensive. Young families couldn’t afford to buy farms. Then, as a solution, the United States government purchased land from France. The government also acquired land from Mexico. Soon the country stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

14. Alligators and crocodiles, along with their relatives the caimans and the gavials, are very much alike. These crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. There are some differences, however. Gavials have the longest snout and the most teeth. Zookeepers say that crocodiles move faster than alligators and have nastier dispositions.
PRACTICE!
Which text structure is used in the above passage?

15. Alligators and crocodiles, along with their relatives the caimans and the gavials, are very much alike. These crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. There are some differences, however. Gavials have the longest snout and the most teeth. Zookeepers say that crocodiles move faster than alligators and have nastier dispositions.
ANSWER
Compare and Contrast

16. You may think it’s bad to forget your homework, but what if you forgot who you were? Amnesia is a condition where a person loses some of his/her memories, like details about his/her personal identity, but still may remember how to do things, like play a piano. One type of Amnesia is called post-traumatic amnesia. Posttraumatic amnesia is usually due to a head injury. A simple whiplash may cause a person to forget the moments before the accident, but a more severe injury may cause a greater loss.
PRACTICE!
Which text structure is used in the above passage?

17. ANSWER Cause and Effect
You may think it’s bad to forget your homework, but what if you forgot who you were? Amnesia is a condition where a person loses some of his/her memories, like details about his/her personal identity, but still may remember how to do things, like play a piano. One type of Amnesia is called post-traumatic amnesia. Posttraumatic amnesia is usually due to a head injury. A simple whiplash may cause a person to forget the moments before the accident, but a more severe injury may cause a greater loss.
ANSWER
Cause and Effect

18. What do “Finding Nemo” and “Robocop” have in common
What do “Finding Nemo” and “Robocop” have in common? Not much, except that they both feature characters who suffer amnesia. Amnesia is a common plot device in movies and TV shows, but how accurate are these depictions? In television and movies, memory loss caused by a knock to the head (post- traumatic amnesia) is shown as fairly common, when it is actually quite rare. Unlike in movies and television shows that feature amnesia, most knocks to the head will not produce memory loss.
PRACTICE!
Which text structure is used in the above passage?

19. ANSWER Compare and Contrast
What do “Finding Nemo” and “Robocop” have in common? Not much, except that they both feature characters who suffer amnesia. Amnesia is a common plot device in movies and TV shows, but how accurate are these depictions? In television and movies, memory loss caused by a knock to the head (post- traumatic amnesia) is shown as fairly common, when it is actually quite rare. Unlike in movies and television shows that feature amnesia, most knocks to the head will not produce memory loss.
ANSWER
Compare and Contrast

20. From airplanes to forklifts, hydraulic power is the strength behind many amazing technologies that affect our daily lives, even the breaks on your school bus; but, how do they work? First, fluid is rapidly released into a chamber through a valve. As the fluid collect, the valve is slammed shut which causes a pressure spike. Since the chamber is sealed, the pressure has nowhere to go. The hydraulic mechanism channels the pressure and provides great power. And that’s how, with the help of hydraulics, Grandma can stop a car with one foot.
Try it on your own!
Which text structure is primarily used in the above passage?

21. REFERENCES
deb-wahsltrom.pdf
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