1. COMPOUND & COMPLEX SENTENCES THE TRICKY STUFF

2. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS for – effect and cause (outdated, very artsy) Jonas receives memories, for he is the chosen one. and – similarities The Giver is an old man, and he is very wise. nor – two things that did not happen / are not happening / will not happen Jonas’s father doesn’t tell the truth, nor does he truly love his family. The Giver is not stupid, nor is he rude. but – differences Jonas sees beyond, but The Giver hears beyond. or – two options (only one can be true) The society in The Giver is a utopia, or it is a dystopia. yet – surprise!!!!! Jonas knows The Giver can lie, yet the boy trusts the old man. so – cause and effect Jonas wants the community to have memories, so he runs away.

3. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (S-CON) Words like because, if, when, since, although… There are hundreds in English. They are the kryptonite of the Independent Clause.kryptonite When an S-CON is attached to an I-CL, the clause becomes a Dependent Clause (D-CL). The D-CL is weak; it cannot stand on its own. It needs help from an I-CL. Superman is near kryptonite. (I-CL) When Superman is near kryptonite (D-CL) When Superman is near kryptonite, he becomes weak and dependent. (D-CL, I-CL.) Superman becomes weak and dependent when he is near kryptonite. (I-CL D-CL.)

4. COMPLEX SENTENCES: A NEW FORMULA Now that you know that Subordinating Conjunctions (S- CONs) make Independent Clauses weak, we can start using a new formula to talk about complex sentences. The Complex Sentence Formula: 1)I-CL D-CL.I might spill coffee on you if you are asleep. 2)D-CL, I-CL.If you are asleep, I might spill coffee on you.

5. SO: THE DOUBLE AGENT CONJUNCTION Is it a Coordinating Conjunction (for compound sentences) or a Subordinating Conjunction (for complex sentences)??? The Coordinating Conjunction (compound sentences) so shows a cause and effect relationship S-CONs are like kryptonite, so they make I-CLs weak like crying little babies. The Subordinating Conjunction (complex sentences) so shows the reason that something is happening You are learning about S-CONs so you can write nice complex sentences.

6. OTHER TREACHEROUS CONJUNCTIONS Conjunction or Preposition??? Many words, such as for, after, since, before, and until, have more than one job in English. They do different jobs in different contexts. Often, a conjunction could also be a preposition. for Jonas receives memories for his community. (preposition) Jonas receives memories, for he is the chosen one. (C-CON) until Nobody can ride bikes until the Ceremony of Nine. (preposition) Nobody can ride bikes until they become Nines. (S-CON)

7. THE CLAUSE TEST How can we tell if a word like so or until is just a preposition or a conjunction in a compound or complex sentence? Do the Clause Test. Just look for a clause (Subject + Predicate) immediately after the mystery word. Are these words in italics prepositions or conjunctions? Let’s do our homework and read after school. Before class, I did my homework in about one minute. I became a better writer after my teachers taught me this stuff. I might vomit before this lesson ends.

8. THE END