1. Today’s Learning Target: We will be able to describe structures and layers of the earth and explain how we know about the structure.

2. Why is the earth like an apple?

3. Turn and talk! Turn to your neighbor and discuss why you think the earth is like an apple!

4. Today’s Language objective: Cause and effect language: You will be able to use cause and effect language such as: as a result of, due to and because of to explain the layers of the earth.

5. Earth’s Interior (Geosphere)

6. Crust Outermost layer Made of two rock types; granite and basalt Density = 2.8 g/cc 5-60 km thick Solid

7. Upper & Lower Mantle Layer directly beneath the crust Made of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium (Si, O, Fe, Mg) Density = 3.3-5.5 g/cc Upper - 660 km & Lower - 2225 km thick Solid but in a “plastic-like” state

8. Outer Core Layer below the mantle Made of iron and nickel (Fe, Ni) Density = 11.5 g/cc 2,270 km thick Liquid – molten

9. Inner Core Innermost layer Made of iron and nickel Density = 15 g/cc Radius of 1,216 km Solid

10. We have never been to the center of the earth! How do we know about the structure of the earth? Because of how seismic waves from earthquakes travel through the earth we understand that the earth is made of different layers.

11. Turn and Talk: Now that we know a little about the structure of the earth, turn to your neighbor again and using academic language describe why the structure of the earth is like an apple.

12. Pressure What happens to pressure when you go to the bottom of the Richfield pool? What do you think happens to the pressure as you go towards the center of the earth? –It increases!!!!!

13. Temperature What happens to the temperature as you go towards the center of the earth? –It increases!! –The temperature of the crust increases as you go deeper into the Earth. It starts out cool, but can get up to 400 degrees C at the boundary between the crust and the mantle

14. Temperature & Pressure The temperature inside the Earth rises at a rate of 1 degree Celsius per 40 meters of depth Core temperature may range from 2,000 degrees Celsius to 5,000 degrees Celsius

15. Earth’s center may be as hot as the surface of the sun Sources of heat –Original heat –Radioactive minerals –Pressure from overlying rocks

16. Earth’s Interior Vocabulary 1.geologist 2.constructive 3.destructive 4.seismic waves 5.lithosphere 6.asthenosphere 7.convection 8.density 9.subduction 10.transform 11.divergent 12.convergent Bonus Words 13.Alfred Wegener 14.Pangea