1. CANADA Our Neighbor to the North

2. Location Canada is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean and Alaska to the west. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north and the United States to the south.

3. Location Canada covers most of the northern part of mainland North America.

5. Canadian provinces and territories Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia

6. Canadian provinces and territories New Brunswick Ontario Quebec

7. Canadian provinces and territories Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta

8. Canadian provinces and territories British Columbia Yukon Territory

9. Canadian provinces and territories Northwest Territories Nunavut

10. Physical Features Canada is a vast country characterized by rugged mountain ranges, plains, bays and islands.

11. Physical Features Landforms Canadian Shield Rocky Mountains Interior Plains Victoria Island

12. Physical Features Water Features Hudson Bay St. Lawrence River Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Arctic Ocean Niagara Falls

13. Climate Due to its northern location, Canada has cool to freezing temperatures year round.

14. Climate Central and northern Canada- sub-arctic climate Central and eastern Canada- humid, mild climate Pacific coast- rainy winters, mild temperatures

15. Natural Resources Occupying most of the northern portion of North America, Canada’s economy is based largely on its abundant natural resources.

16. Natural Resources Forests Fish, shellfish Fossil fuels (Oil, natural gas, coal) Minerals (iron, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds)

17. Economic Activities Forestry and logging Mining Fisheries Agriculture Petroleum based products Hydro – electric power

18. Economic Activities Much of Canada’s land is covered in ice or tundra leaving only a small portion available for agriculture.

19. Tundra An area where the tree growth is restricted by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

20. Economic Activities Canada is a member of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) – a trade alliance between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

21. Who are the people who have shaped Canada? Canada’s culture is influenced by several First Nation groups and waves of European and American immigrants in search of freedom and wealth who retained many of their traditional customs and culture.

22. Early Settlement Inuit, Cree, Algonquian, (examples of native peoples in this region)

23. Early Settlement French settlements (1500s-1700s) British colonies (1763)

24. Historically Significant Events and Places Seven Years’ War* (1754-1763) - *The French and Indian War is called the Seven Years’ War in Canada. Dominion of Canada was created (1867)

25. Historically Significant Events and Places First Transcontinental Railroad in Canada completed (1885) Canada gained independence from Great Britain (1931)

26. Cultural Characteristics Canada is a bi-lingual nation – with both French and English as official languages Due to its size and diversity, citizens of Canada identify themselves by their ethnic culture rather than nationality.

27. What significant features and representative landmarks could you visit to learn about the importance of Canada today? Niagara Falls, Ontario (e.g. tourist attraction

28. What significant features and representative landmarks could you visit to learn about the importance of Canada today? Banff National Park, Alberta (e.g. National Park, recreational area)

29. What significant features and representative landmarks could you visit to learn about the importance of Canada today? Churchill, Manitoba (e.g. port city)

30. Important Canadian Cities Toronto Vancouver Ottawa

31. Important Canadian Cities Calgary Winnipeg Quebec City