1. Asian Music Week 10, Lecture 1

2. Today, we will discuss… Music as “DOING” A Brief Historical Context of Britain Defining “Asian” Radical Sista & Bally Sagoo Asian Dub Foundation

3. Please remember what DOING includes: 1.Political Participation 2.Resistance 3.Public Expression 4.Ethical Interactions *(Beyond Writing?)

4. Some Comparisons PUNK* (Week 9) Bally Sagoo Radical Sista Asian Dub Foundation Asian Underground (Lecture 2) Asian Massive (Lecture 2) Politics Resistance Public Expression Ethical Interactions

5. Select Migrations to UK (post-1947) Defining “ASIAN” A=British GuianaB=UgandaC=Sri Lanka D=PakistanE=IndiaF=Bangladesh G=FijiH=Mauritius A B C D, E, F G H

6. Asian Migrations to Britain Many arrive during the 18 th -19 th century Links with the British Empire Most arrive after 1947 2001 Census: >2.3 million British Asians

7. 1950s-1960s Workers from India and Pakistan (Bangladesh*) Labor shortage following WWII Cheap Labor Part of larger migration into Europe Mostly men arrived Rural origins (Punjab)

8. 1950s-1960s Doctors and Nurses from India and Pakistan Shortage of health care workers in Britain More families arrive Asian and Black organizations started Organizing laborers to fight for rights

9. 1960s-1970s Asians Refugees from Uganda, Kenya, Zanzibar (E. Africa) Mostly Gujaratis (in contrast to Punjabis)

10. Some Responses to Asian Migrations Busing of Asian children to schools outside of areas where they lived Discrimination in Housing and Employment Racism Assimilation & Dispersal Policies Immigration Act: Limit Asians into country Anti-Immigration Movements 1. Enoch Powell-- “Rivers of Blood” 2. National Front 3. British National Party

11. “Carnival Against the Nazis” London, 1978; 80,000 people (A Response to Eric Clapton)

13. “Rock Against Racism” SOLIDARITY: Working-Class Youth Movement “Proud to be Gay” Anti-Racist Punks Black and White Artists Asian and Afro-Caribbean Alliance=Black Power

14. “I got a lot of letters from the BNP and the NF and stuff. I used to get death threats every week.” Radical Sista

15. Asian Dub Foundation “[The album] was a response to an increase in blatant, daytime racist attacks against people of color. It was also during the time when Britain’s first BNP fascist councillor was elected.” Dr. Das (Aniruddha Das)

16. Genre 1: Hindi Film Music “Music originates from your life in Britain…” Taking Indian songs and mixing them according to new British contexts “Classic example, when people first heard Churaliya (Stolen)…a lot of people didn’t even know it was an old song…All of a sudden they were playing both versions on the radio…” (Bally Sagoo) Churaliya (original)Churaliya Churaliya (re-mix)Churaliya

17. Bally Sagoo “I’ve done so many different languages, I don’t have to understand the language, people don’t have to understand the language.” (277)

18. Genre 2: BhangraBhangra Folk dance from the Punjab UCI Rangla Punjab

19. Radical Sista RADICAL: 1.Departing markedly from the usual or customary 2. Favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions SISTA

20. Radical Sista “My god Bally Sagoo’s doing Indian music…”(270) A role model for Asian women in Britain Daytime Discos/Dos

21. Bally Sagoo on the reception of Asian music Indian music is now consumed in British society (Indian music as British music?) “It is getting the non-Asians into what we are doing…” Getting British Asians into Indian music Hurdles of getting on the radio, UK charts and clubs Problems of racism

22. The Bally-Effect? Britain’s Got Talent: Suleman MirzaBritain’s Got Talent:

23. Asian Dub Foundation (ADF) Dub: A form of music that evolved out of Raggae in the 1960s Emphasizing Drum and Bass Frequencies Remixing of prerecorded sound as a mode of artistic expression ADF: hybrid of dub bass, electronica, punk guitar and Indian classical elements

24. Free Satpal Ram Miscarriages of Justice (Please bring lyrics to class.)

25. Themes Black and White United (Black & White) Building this Community of Sound (B & W) This is the Digital Underclass (Hypocrite) Time to Join in the Fight (Free Satpal Ram) All Together We can Defend the Whole Community (Operation Eagle Eye) Now a Change Gonna Come (Change) ADF is here to show you how it should be done…(Change)