1. Imperialism in Southeast Asia Which motive for imperialism was the most influential force behind US imperialism in the Philippines?

2. Background to European Interest in China “Just as the European powers rushed to divide Africa, they also competed to carve up the lands of Southeast Asia. These lands form part of the Pacific Rim, the countries that border the Pacific Ocean. Western nations desired the Pacific Rim lands for their strategic location along the sea route to China. Westerners also recognized the value of the Pacific colonies as sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil. As the European powers began to appreciate the value of the area, they challenged each other for their own parts of the prize.” (Beck 795) Early in the 18th century, the Dutch East India Company established control over most of the 3,000-mile-long chain of Indonesian islands. The British established a major trading port at Singapore. The French took over Indochina on the Southeast Asian mainland. The Germans claimed the Marshall Islands and parts of New Guinea and the Solomon islands. The lands of Southeast Asia were perfect for plantation agriculture. The major focus was on sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, and pineapple. As these products became more important in the world trade markets, European powers raced each other to claim lands.” (Beck 796) “Because Americans had fought for their independence from Britain, most of them disliked the idea of colonizing other nations. However, two groups of Americans were outspoken in their support of imperialism. One group of ambitious empire builders felt the United States should fulfill its destiny as a world power, colonizing like the Europeans. The other group, composed of business interests, welcomed the opening of new markets and trade possibilities.” (Beck 798)

3. Dutch Imperialism in Indonesia Late 1700s: Dutch East India Company controlled the 3,000 mile long Indonesia island chain (competing with Portugal) These islands were perfect for plantations (sugar, bananas, rubber, coffee, coconuts, and pineapples) and eventually 1/5 th of all lands used for export crop Late 1800s: Discovery of oil and tin in the region causes the Netherlands to take direct control of the islands (Dutch East Indies colony) direct control: Settlers moved in permanently; took control of governing; created a rigid class system with Dutch at top.

4. British Imperialism in SE Asia Competition with the Dutch  British colonize Singapore, Malaysia & Burma British India-China trade  British need a port in Singapore British control over Suez Canal  British need tin & rubber to build Cheap labor needed to mine and collect rubber  encourage Chinese to migrate to SE Asia  cultural tensions Chinese flood area  Malayans become a minority in their own country. Ethnic conflict still exists today.

5. The French & Indochina Indochina included Vietnam Laos Cambodia Direct control Industrialization not allowed Focus on agricultural production 4x more land devoted to rice production Vietnam rice consumption decreased as rice was exported. Traditional village structure and communal land ownership destroyed to promote cash crops for French profit

6. French Imperialism in SE Asia (Mid 1800s) France sends missionaries to SE Asia to convert Asians to Christianity Anti-Christian Vietnamese Emperor accused of killing 7 Missionaries Napoleon III invades Southern Vietnam Wanting the vast resources France colonizes the whole region French temporarily there, but focused on making region French: Advancement in the imperial system required French language, French schooling, French customs and culture, and Christianity Modernized through schools emphasizing western science, hospitals using western medicine, and new transportation & communication Caused racial and religious tensions

7. Siam (Thailand) Independence Neutral zone between British controlled Burma & French Indochina Modernization under King Mongkut & son Built its own infrastructure Reforms came from its own gov which reduced: Racist treatment Social turmoil & Economic exploitation

8. Siam remains independent As its neighbors fell to Imperialism, Siam (Thailand) remained independent King Mongkut began promoting the fact that Siam could be a buffer between French & British colonies Mongkut began reforming & industrializing Siam Modernized through schools emphasizing western science, hospitals using western medicine, and new transportation and communication Chulalongkorn all grown up, in real life. Son of King Mongku, tutored by Anna Leonownes. Notice the impeccable dress of the king (center), his son (to his right) and the other students.

9. The above document is evidence of: 1.economic factors 2.political factors 3.social factors: humanitarianism 4.social factors: racism Highlight the specific evidence.

10. The End of the Spanish Empire

11. US Imperialism in the Philippines Cuban War of Independence Presidents Cleveland and McKinley Attacked Philippines first Took over their territories Guam Puerto Rico Philippines

13. Emilio Aguinaldo Said Philippines was betrayed by US Led rebellion which lasted from 1899- 1902, that was brutally suppressed by US US promised it would prepare them for self-rule. US encouraged growing of cash crops June 1900. God Almighty knows how unjust is the war which the Imperial arms have provoked and are maintaining against our unfortunate country! If the honest American patriots could understand the sad truth of this declaration, we are sure they would, without the least delay, stop this unspeakable horror. When we protested against this iniquitous ingratitude, then the guns of the United States were turned upon us; we were denounced as traitors and rebels; you destroyed the homes to which you had been welcomed as honored guests, killing thousands of those who had been your allies, mutilating our old men, our women and our children, and watering with blood and strewing with ruins the beautiful soil of our Fatherland. … the Spanish government, whose despotic cruelty American Imperialism now imitates, and in some respects surpasses, denied to us many of the liberties which you were already enjoying when, under pretext of oppression, you revolted against British domination. Why do the Imperialists wish to subjugate us? What do they intend to do with us? Do they expect us to surrender -- to yield our inalienable rights, our homes, our properties, our lives, our future destinies, to the absolute control of the United States? What would you do with our nine millions of people? Would you permit us to take part in your elections? Would you concede to us the privilege of sending Senators and Representatives to your Congress? Would you allow us to erect one or more federal states? Or, would you tax us without representation? Would you change your tariff laws so as to admit our products free of duty and in competition with the products of our own soil? Emilio Aguinaldo, Central Filipino Committee, LETTER TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, (1899).

14. Why Hawaii? naval base & merchant midpoint Sakadas at work on a sugar plantation in Hawaii. (Filipino workers imported by company to work in the fields Sugar

15. Queen Liliuokalani invaded and seized in 1893 (not by US govt, by US businessmen and plantation owners) Queen forced to abdicate (put under house arrest) Annexed in 1898 State in 1959

16. U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908 U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908 U. S. Exports and Imports: 1870-1914 U. S. Exports and Imports: 1870-1914

19. The above document is evidence of: 1.economic factors 2.political factors 3.social factors: humanitarianism 4.social factors: racism Highlight the specific evidence.

20. The above document is evidence of: 1.economic factors 2.political factors 3.social factors: humanitarianism 4.social factors: racism Highlight the specific evidence.