1. The Road to World War II

2. Causes of World War II How did each of the following lead to the second world war? W – World War I & the Treaty of Versailles W – World War I & the Treaty of Versailles A – Appeasement A – Appeasement R – Rise of Totalitarianism R – Rise of Totalitarianism

3. January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany His popularity soars because of his criticism of, and refusal to adhere to, the Treaty of Versailles.

4. Hitler soon ordered a programme of rearming Germany Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

5. March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhineland The Rhineland was a region of Germany that was ‘demilitarised’ after the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region. Hitler’s actions showed how he was willing to directly challenge the treaty.

6. March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed Austria Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria. However, the arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

7. March 1939: Germany invaded Czechoslovakia Hitler had ordered the occupation of a part of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland (in October 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia. This was the first aggressive step that suggested that a war in Europe would soon begin.

8. Appeasement Many feared war & preparations were under way. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain attends the Munich Conference where he meets with Hitler. Believing peace was possible and feeling that Germany had legitimate grievances, Chamberlain agrees to give in to Hitler’s demands. In exchange, Germany had to stop aggressive action. “There will be peace in our time.”

9. Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war. As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon. August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

10. The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies. When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia. Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia Hitler Stalin

11. But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia. On 3 rd September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and France. September 1939: Germany invaded Poland German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

12. May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. Captured British troops, May 1940

13. By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe. Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

14. September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz For the following nine months, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as the BLITZ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission.

15. Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made. This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.

16. PEARL HARBOR THE DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941

17. Causes… The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious. Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious. The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy

18. Warfare Used During Attack Warfare Used During Attack Japan Japan - 81 Fighter Planes - 135 Dive Bombers - 104 Horizontal Bombers - 40 Torpedo Planes - At least 5 Midget Submarines

19. Battle Sequence 5 PHASE ATTACK BY JAPANESE… 5 PHASE ATTACK BY JAPANESE… (as noted by the U.S. Navy) PHASE 1: Combined torpedo plane and dive bomber attacks lasting from 7:55 a.m. to 8:25 a.m. PHASE 1: Combined torpedo plane and dive bomber attacks lasting from 7:55 a.m. to 8:25 a.m. PHASE 2: Lull in attacks lasting from 8:25 - 8:40 a.m. PHASE 2: Lull in attacks lasting from 8:25 - 8:40 a.m. PHASE 3: Horizontal bomber attacks from 8:40 – 9:15 a.m. PHASE 3: Horizontal bomber attacks from 8:40 – 9:15 a.m. PHASE 4: Dive bomber attacks between 9:15-9:45 a.m. PHASE 4: Dive bomber attacks between 9:15-9:45 a.m. PHASE 5: Warning of attacks and completion of raid after 9:45 a.m. PHASE 5: Warning of attacks and completion of raid after 9:45 a.m.

22. USS Arizona

25. Warfare (continued) United States United States - 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) - 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight) - 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns

26. Casualties Japan - Less then 100 men - 29 planes - 5 midget submarines United States - 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded - 188 planes - 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

28. USS Arizona Burning: 1,100+ servicemen died on the ship

29. Effects/Outcome Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the U.S. Pacific fleet (U.S. Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers: Lexington, Enterprise, & Saratoga were not in port) Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the U.S. Pacific fleet (U.S. Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers: Lexington, Enterprise, & Saratoga were not in port) Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire The U.S. finally was forced to join World War II (“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”) The U.S. finally was forced to join World War II (“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”) The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan (Dec. 8, 1941) The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan (Dec. 8, 1941) Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec. 11, 1941) Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec. 11, 1941)

31. December 8, 1941 FDR Speech “Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” FDR Infamy Speech FDR Infamy Speech

34. Since 1941, the USSR suffered heavy casualties from fighting the Germans on the Eastern Front. The Leader of the USSR Josef Stalin, wanted to create an operation that would be carried out by the Allies in Western Europe in order to reduce the amount of German divisions in the USSR’s territory. Tehran, 1943-FDR, Winston Churchill, and Josef Stalin decided to open a second front in France

35. The Allies spent 18 months planning and training for D-Day. Most troops are green.

36. Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Alliead Expeditionary Forces: You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty- loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle- hardened. He will fight savagely. But this is the year 1944. Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to- man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned. The free men of the world are marching together to victory. I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty, and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full victory. Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.

37. D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in history and was the turning point in World War II. D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in history and was the turning point in World War II. Allied forces had 156,000 troops on or supported by nearly 5,400 ships crossed the English Channel landing the troops on five beaches in Normandy. Allied forces had 156,000 troops on or supported by nearly 5,400 ships crossed the English Channel landing the troops on five beaches in Normandy. 12,000 planes including bombers, fighters, and troop planes 12,000 planes including bombers, fighters, and troop planes The beaches were stormed early that morning supported by about 23,000 airborne troops that had already landed behind enemy lines or getting ready to land in support of the beach assault and the push to Caen. The beaches were stormed early that morning supported by about 23,000 airborne troops that had already landed behind enemy lines or getting ready to land in support of the beach assault and the push to Caen.

41. The night before 23,000 Paratroopers landed behind enemy lines to secure bridges and roads Pre dawn bombardment of Nazi guns to “soften of the Wall”

48. Within in 7 days the Allies controlled 80 miles of the coast.

50. Casualties