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USH 15:1 The Origins of the Cold War – The Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta (Soviet Union) Agreements reached set the groundwork for Cold War
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Issues at Yalta Poland Two governments-in-waiting – Communist and Democratic Stalin argues Poland must be communist because it is a neighbor country Churchill and Roosevelt reluctantly agree
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Issues at Yalta The Declaration of Liberated Europe – “The right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live”
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Issues at Yalta Dividing Germany – Divide Germany into four zones Great Britain, U.S., France, Soviet Union would each control a zone – Stalin demands Germany pay war reparations Roosevelt agrees, with stipulations: – Germany will pay in goods, not cash – Germany will pay what it can afford
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Issues at Yalta Tensions Rise After Yalta – Soviets (Russians) pressure king of Romania to appoint a communist gov’t U.S. accuses Soviets of violating “Declaration of Liberated Europe” – Soviets refuse to allow non-Communists serve in Polish government
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The Cold War Yalta marks turning point in U.S. – Soviet relations Roosevelt: Allied victory + U.N. = peace – Instead: U.S. and Soviets become increasingly hostile and competitive with each other Era known as “Cold War” – 1946-1990
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Cold War Soviet Goals and Ideals – Keep Germany weak – Control countries around Russia – Capitalism will eventually fail Doing countries a favor by making them communist – Capitalist countries want to destroy communist countries
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American Goals and Ideals Economic growth is key to peace World trade will stop world war President Truman believed the appeasement of Hitler caused WWII – Would not appease future dictators
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The Potsdam Conference Truman meets Stalin in Germany – Stalin: Germany must pay heavy reparations – Truman: German industry must recover, or Europe will not recover – American/Soviet tensions increase further
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The Iron Curtain Communist countries in eastern Europe become “satellite nations” of Soviet Union – Remain friendly to Soviet Union – Follow Soviet policies Churchill: an “iron curtain” has fallen over eastern Europe – Speech in Fulton, Missouri
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