1. World War II Outcome: Causes of World War II

2. Causes of World War II 1. Underlying Causes of World War II a.Nationalism b.Imperialism c.Militarism

3. Causes of World War II 1. Underlying Causes of World War II d.Fascism

4. Causes of World War II e.Totalitarian Dictatorships

5. Adolf Hitler in Germany

6. World War II Outcome: The European Theater

7. The European Theater 1. Aggression in Europe a. Italy invaded Ethiopia and took control in 1935 b. Spain’s Civil War was won by the fascists in 1936 c. Germany i.1936: Hitler had rearmed and sent troops to the Rhineland ii.1938: Hitler annexed Austria & demanded the Sudetenland (W. Czech)

8. The European Theater iii.1938: Munich Conference (Germany, Italy, Britain, & France) 1.Goal: To stop further German aggression in Europe 2.Result: The Munich Pact gave Hitler the Sudetenland if he promised to end territorial demands 3.Policy: “ Appeasement ” iv.March 1939: Germany took rest of Czechoslovakia (appeasement failed) v. France & Britain pledged war if aggression continued vi.1939: Hitler & Stalin signed a “ Non - Aggression Pact”

9. The Sudetenland

10. The European Theater 2. War in Europe (Early Period) a. Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland with blitzkrieg attack (WWII begins) i.France & Great Britain declare war the next day ii.The Holocaust intensifies

11. The European Theater b. “Phony War” Period (“Sitzkrieg”) ---> Sept 1939-April 1940 c. April, 1940: Germany resumed “Blitzkrieg” attacks i. Neutral nations fell quickly ---> Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway ii. France fell to Hitler in late June 1940

12. The European Theater d. Summer/Fall, 1940: Battle of Britain (German Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force RAF) e. June, 1941: Hitler double crossed Stalin and invaded Russia through Poland i.Big Mistake! Stalin used Scorched Earth military tactic ii.Harsh winter and lack of useable supplies resulted in over 1 million Nazi loses

13. The European Theater 3. Diplomacy was Failing a. Appeasement was ineffective when dealing with Hitler b. Sept 1940: Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact (Axis Powers) c. U.S. Neutrality? Biased? i.1940: WWI destroyers given for bases deal with Great Britain ii.1941: Lend - Lease Act --> U.S. became the “ Arsenal of Democracy” iii.1941: FDR and W. Churchill (Britain) agreed to the Atlantic Charter

14. Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor

15. The European Theater 5. December 7 th, 1941: Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor a.U.S. Pacific Fleet was based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii b.Attack was meant to cripple U.S. fleet so couldn’t interfere with Japan c.Six aircraft carriers and 353 Japanese planes attacked in two waves d.2,403 died (1,177 killed on the U.S.S. Arizona) e.U.S. declared war on Japan the next day “…Date that will live in Infamy …” f. Germany & Italy declared war on the U.S. on Dec 8, 1941 (Tripartite Pact) g.The U.S. was officially in the war ! ( Isolationism was over)

19. U.S.S. Arizona

21. U.S.S. Arizona Today

22. The European Theater 6. Key Nations at War 1.Allies: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States 2.Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan

23. The European Theater 7. European Theater a.Name given to the fighting that took place in Europe b.1942: Britain stood alone against Axis c.Gen. Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Allied Commander of the European Theater d.Allies first invaded through Sicily and up into Italy e. Mussolini was overthrown and killed

24. The European Theater f. Eastern Front: Stalingrad i.The Nazis were fighting the Russians in Stalingrad (Aug 1942-Feb 1943) ii.One of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare iii.Nazis are defeated; turning point of the war for the Allies

25. D-Day

26. The European Theater g. Western Front: D-Day i.General Eisenhower planned D-Day for June 6, 1944 ii. Allied invasion across English Channel into Normandy, France iii. Largest military invasion in history iv.Allies success allowed them to push further into France

27. D-Day Map

29. The European Theater h. Battle of the Bulge i.Hitler’s last major offensive ii.Allies were pushing from the West (from France), South through Italy, and from the East (Soviets) iii.Germany was surrounded

30. The European Theater 8. German Surrender a.Hitler committed suicide before he could be captured b.Germany officially surrendered on May 7, 1945; following day is known as VE Day c.Now the Allies had to figure out how to defeat Japan