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Major Amendments 1: Freedom of speech, press, religion (pray), petition, and peaceful assembly (5 Ps) 9: all powers not given to the national or state.

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Presentation on theme: "Major Amendments 1: Freedom of speech, press, religion (pray), petition, and peaceful assembly (5 Ps) 9: all powers not given to the national or state."— Presentation transcript:

1 Major Amendments 1: Freedom of speech, press, religion (pray), petition, and peaceful assembly (5 Ps) 9: all powers not given to the national or state governments are given to the citizens; citizens’ rights are not limited to those listed in the Constitution 10: government power is divided into at least 2 levels – national and state governments (federalism) 13: freed all slaves (“1, 3 slaves are free”) 14: gave citizenship to all former slaves 15: gave suffrage to all former male slaves

2 Important Dates 1607: Jamestown established 1620: Mayflower Compact written 1776: Declaration of Independence signed 1787: Constitution ratified 1803: Louisiana Purchase made 1861-1865: Civil War

3 Pre Civil War Compromises Chapter 16

4 Missouri Compromise (1820) Written by Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun Missouri wanted to join US as slave state Maine wanted to join US as free state DECISION: Missouri became slave state Maine became free state Region south of 36º 30’ Latitude would allow slavery

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7 Missouri Compromise (1820) Southern Reaction Reawakened fears that the North represented a serious threat to slavery Northern Reaction Realized that slavery was becoming more & more of a conflict

8 Missouri Compromise (1820) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aN HjQ&feature=PlayList&p=F4C6689158A572 17&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=4 6

9 Compromise of 1850 Background Info: The US had recently gained the Mexican Cession. –Should the territory allow slavery? –Should the people of that region be allowed to decide? California had grown tremendously with the gold rush of 1849. It had recently asked Congress to join the US as a free state. –Should this be allowed? Since the Missouri Compromise, the balance between slave & free states had been maintained. Anything that threatened this balance would almost certainly not win approval.

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11 Compromise of 1850 Written by Henry Clay & Daniel Webster DECISION: California is admitted as free state Utah & New Mexico are admitted without restrictions. –The citizens would decide if they wanted to be slave or free states. Domestic slave trade is prohibited in Washington DC

12 Compromise of 1850 Southern Reaction Approved the compromise Warned that a breakdown of the compromise would cause secession Supported Fugitive Slave Law portion of compromise Northern Reaction Approved the compromise, because it maintained their goal to preserve the Union Did not support Fugitive Slave Law portion of compromise

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14 Beginning of the Civil War!

15 Republican Party Main goal: keep slavery from spreading into the western territories Not all Republicans wanted to abolish slavery

16 Lincoln-Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Stephen Douglas (Democrat)

17 Lincoln-Douglas Debates Competed for a Senate seat Held 7 debates about slavery in the territories –Douglas wanted slavery to be voted on through popular sovereignty –Lincoln wanted NO slavery in territories Douglas won

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19 Election of 1860 Republicans: Lincoln Democrats: –North: Douglas (refused to support slavery in territories) –South: Breckinridge (wanted slavery in territories) Lincoln won

20 Abraham Lincoln http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2B73vkTe L_g

21 South Secession December 12, 1860: South Carolina seceded Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, & Texas followed Formed new “nation” called Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis became its president

22 Confederate States of America

23 Civil War! The Confederacy took over most federal buildings in the South The Union only controlled 4 southern forts, including Ft. Sumter The Confederacy demanded that Ft. Sumter be given to the South This caused WAR!

24 Ft. Sumter

25 What caused the Civil War? North wanted to maintain the Union It was NOT to end slavery

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27 North Strengths –Large population –Large industry –Strong navy & railroads –Great political leader (Lincoln) Weaknesses –Invaded unfamiliar land –Long supply lines to South

28 South Strengths –Fought for INDEPENDENCE –Knew land well –Great military leader (Robert E. Lee) Weaknesses –Small population –Small industry –Few railroads –Political problems with new government

29 North Union “Yankee” Blue South Confederate Grey

30 American War Deaths Civil War618,000 World War II405,000 World War I112,000 Vietnam War58,000 Korean War54,000 Mexican War13,000 Revolution4,000 Spanish-American War2,000 War of 18122,000

31 UnionConfederacy 1862527,204209,852 1863698,808253,208 1864611,250233,586 1865620,924154,910 Total Forces1,556,6781,082,119 Civil War Troops

32 Presidents CSA: Jefferson Davis –Lot of military experience –West Point grad –Mexican War officer –Slave owner –Worrier & arguer

33 Presidents USA: Abraham Lincoln –Little military experience –Lawyer –Against slavery –Patient & planner CSA: Jefferson Davis –Lot of military experience –West Point grad –Mexican War officer –Slave owner –Worrier & arguer

34 CSA Military Leader: Robert E. Lee US army general West Point grad Mexican War officer Torn between USA & CSA Sided with home state, Virginia

35 USA Military Leader: George McClellan 1 st General-In-Chief of Union Army Became commander after North’s loss at Bull Run Great organizer & trainer Too cautious

36 USA Military Leader: Ulysses S. Grant 2 nd General-In-Chief of Union Army Accepted surrender of Robert E. Lee 18 th US President

37 Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Freed slaves in Confederacy, not in Union South ignored this command –Since they seceded, they felt they didn’t have to follow it –But… many slaves escaped to North to become legally free

38 13 th Amendment Slavery continued to be legal until… December 18, 1865

39 Battle of Gettysburg Pennsylvania June 30, 1863 – July 2, 1863 50,000 dead or wounded Union victory Turning point in War –Last time South invaded North –Showed likelihood that North would win –But… also showed South determination

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41 Gettysburg Address Lincoln attended ceremony to dedicate deaths at Gettysburg Gave famous speech… –Civil War a test to see if a democratic nation could survive –Our nation was founded on belief that “all men are created equal”

42 Gettysburg Address http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4bM9geY0do

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