1. Rocks and Minerals Unit Day 1: MINERALS

2. Day 1: What is an ____________? Why are __________ important? What is a __________? What is the difference between an _________ and a __________? How are __________ formed? element elements mineral element minerals

3. Lets start big…then break it up

4. What is it all made of? All things are made of ___________ – Matter is anything that takes up __________ – Matter is all around you matter space

5. But what makes up matter…

6. Atoms Atoms are the ____________ particle Are the ___________________for everything! There are ___________ of different atoms…we think smallest building blocks millions

7. About Atoms…!?

8. What is an element? Has all of the same type of ____________ Cannot be _______________by chemical changes There are _______ elements that can be found around us There are ___________ elements total atom broken down 94 118

10. Common Elements

11. Why are elements important?

12. Minerals Made up of a ____________ of ____________ Found in ____________ ___________ Has _____________ structure Over _____________identified minerals combination nature elements Solid crystal 4,000

13. How do minerals form? There are 2 ways minerals can be formed: 1) 1) Cooling_of magma (hot, liquid rock and minerals inside the earth Fast Cooling = NO Crystals (mineraloids) Medium Cooling = small crystals Slow Cooling = large _ crystals

14. How do minerals form? Minerals can also be formed by: 2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually water)

15. Gold The first gold rush in America was in Dahlonega, Ga. in the 1830’s. Used to make money and jewelry. Calcite Forms in cubes and rectangular prisms. Used in toothpaste, soap, glue, and gum. Talc It is one of the softest minerals. Talcum Powder Diamond Hardest rock in the world. Used to make jewelry. Silver One if man’s favorites, shiny and hard to find. Used to make jewelry and coins.

16. Common Minerals Talc Amethyst Turquois

17. Homework - Day 1: Use your notes! IN COMPLETE SENTENCES What is an element?____________________________________________________ Why are elements important?____________________________________________________ 1.What is a mineral? 2.What is the difference between an element and a mineral? 3.How are minerals formed?

18. Homework - Day 1: What is a mineral? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ What is the difference between an element and a mineral? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ How are minerals formed? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

19. How do you organize minerals Minerals are identified and organized by their properties: – Streak – Hardness – Reaction to acid – Color – Cleavage – Magnetism – Luster – Oder

20. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster Surface reflection Surface reflection metallic = shiny like metal metallic = shiny like metal non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

21. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral The color of the powdered form of the mineral The color of the streak can be different than the mineral The color of the streak can be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than the streak plate Minerals must be softer than the streak plate

22. Streak…can help identify quartz http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

23. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials How easily a mineral scratches materials Mohs Hardness Scale Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

24. Find out more… “Electronic” Hardness Test “Electronic” Hardness Test http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomy steries/cube/b2.html http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomy steries/cube/b2.html

25. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Cleavage & Fracture The way the mineral breaks The way the mineral breaks Cleavage—minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Cleavage—minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges

27. Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 3. 2.

28. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Other Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Attraction to magnets Attraction to magnets Bending of light Bending of light Reaction with hydrochloric acid Reaction with hydrochloric acid Smell & taste Smell & taste http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html

29. Watch Brainpop—“Mineral Identification” 1. If a mineral can scratch your fingernail, the mineral is _______________ than your fingernail. 2. What is luster?

30. Watch Classifying Minerals Clip Classifying Minerals Classifying Minerals