1. Disability in Aboriginal communities

2. About the First Peoples Disability Network National disabilty peak organisation Trace its history back to a national gathering of Aboriginal people with disabilities held in Alice Springs in 1999. Unique organisation in the world in that it is the only nationally constituted organisation governed entirely by Indigenous people with disabilities in the world. Primary purpose is to be a strong voice of and for Aboriginal people with disabilities and their families. We do this by undertaking systemic advocacy utilising a variety of methods including lobbying, representation and use of the media. Example recent chairing of a National Committee to establish a national Indigenous disabilty action plan. Work locally, nationally and internationally. Small Aboriginal NGO with 4 permanent staff. Active in the implementation of the NDIS. 10 Point Plan for the Implementation of the NDIS.

3. Some Facts about disability in Aboriginal communities Anecdotally it was believed that the prevalence of disability was twice that of the non-Aboriginal population. Recently quantified as 50% of the Aboriginal population reporting a disability or long-term health condition. (2011 Census) New data released on Tuesday by the ABS states that the rates of disability is 2.7 times higher. Conservative result given the lack of data on prevalence of psychological disability and other disability types such as FASD. Very little reference material on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people with disability. Many Aboriginal people do not recognise they have a disability or self-identify.

4. Some Facts about disability in Aboriginal communities Aboriginal people with disability are far more likely to: -acquire a disability due to a preventable health condition such as diabetes -experience multiple barriers to their meaningful participation in community life. Multiple layers of discrimination. -to be unemployed -to have withdrawn or not accessed an education at all -to have not accessed a service In Pitjantjatjara language there is no word for disability; acceptance as part of the human experience. (Arriotti Louis, Social Construction of Anangu Disability, The Australian Journal for Rural Health, Vol 7, Number 4, November 1999). Aboriginal people with disability are often supported within the family and community. When the family lives in a economically depressed state this can created added burden. The medical model of disability has had a profoundly negative impact on the lives on many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people with disability.

5. Some Facts about disability in Aboriginal communities Significant under reporting of disability Very high rates of incarceration of Aboriginal people with disabilities, including the indefintie detention of Aboriginal people with dsiabilities which occurs primarily in WA, NT and Queensland. Disability is a new conversation in many communities. Very few Aboriginal people with disabilities in employment Young Aboriginal people with disabilities who do not attend or complete their education. Very little research into disability in Aboriginal Australia.

6. Disability in Aboriginal Communities; Social factors There are a number of social factors that contribute to the higher prevalence such as: Lack of access to good quality healthcare (including health promotion and health prevention programs. Lack of access to appropriate housing and urban infrastructure (including clean water and sanitation) Greater exposure to violence and abuse. The psycho-social impact of colonisation, dispossession from land. Substance dependence.

7. The Lived Experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people with disability The prevalence of disability in Aboriginal communities. And the prevalence of particular types of disability. Undiagnosed disability hearing impairment mental illness The problem with identifying as having a disability Multiple layers of discrimination. Double and triple disadvantage.

8. The Lived Experience of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Island people with disability The denial of the most fundamental of human rights i.e, access to shelter, access to education, employment Aboriginal people with disability have different experiences depending on where they live and the availability of services. The failure of government and non-government service providers to meet the needs of Aboriginal people with disability. Very poor access to information. Concerted outreach approach required. Lack of awareness of special assistance and other beneficial social programs. Diversity of experiences; different jurisdictions at different levels of development with regard the development of the social movement of Indigenous people with disability.

9. The Lived Experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people with disability Racial discrimination and its implications for Aboriginal people with disability. Soft discrimination of low expectations. Competing priorities in the Aboriginal rights movement. Aboriginal people with disability live in extreme poverty. Very low rates of access to Individual Advocacy services. Indigenous disability is medicalised.

10. Building the capacity of regional and state networks Currently wide variations between jurisdictions QLD, SA, NSW & Victoria & WA have networks at various stages of development. Nothing formal happening in NT, ACT, TAS & TSI. Regions may have different needs and priorities. Locally based solutions to unmet need. Strong and viable state and regional networks are critical to ensuring a transparent and properly functioning national body

11. Young Aboriginal people with disability Reluctance to self-identifying as a person with disability Serious lack of understanding of the endless labels that are so prevalent within the disability sector. Reluctance to seek help, not wanting to draw attention to oneself Parents also reluctance to seek or ask for help because of fears of being judged as bad parents and having their chidlren removed. Lack of access to appropriate supports for learning, for example access to speak software for vision impaired Aboriginal young people. Lack of internet access Very remote communities with very small populations not being able to accommodate the needs of young Aboriginal people with disabilities. Under reporting of disability, we don’t really know how many young Aboriginal people with disability are out there. And as a result we don’t really know what supports they require.

12. Cultural Awareness and Safety

13. Try not to use a clipboard or assessment sheet. Use a conversational approach. Be prepared to share who you are and where your family is from. If an individual introduces as Aunty or Uncle then this should be how they are addressed. It’s a title effectively. Always allow for more than one visit Be aware of family structure. For example if the person being assessed is an elder be very mindful not to undermine their authority by directing your questions at another family member. The following terminology is outdated or offensive. Native, mixed blood, half-caste, quarter caste, full- blood, part-Aboriginal, 25%, 50% Aboriginal, ‘them people’, ‘those people’ ‘you people’.

14. Cultural Awareness and Safety Attend Aboriginal events such as NAIDOC Week, Sorry Day, local sports Ensure Aboriginal clients are correctly identified on your records Accept all referrals for or from an Aboriginal person. Often referral may come from a third person such as an Elder who endorses your service or someone who has permission to speak on behalf of another person. Nominate key workers in your organisation. Always give the client the option of utilising an advocate. Ensure staff are culturally competent and sensitive. Form partnerships with key Aboriginal organisations. Make your reception area and office Aboriginal friendly. Display flags and art work for example.

15. Where to from here? Engage with existing Aboriginal organisations. Partner and also educate and train them on disability rights and the supports that may be available. Educate and train the community about their rights and entitlements. Educate and train the non-Aboriginal service system about culturally appropriate service delivery. Develop a range of accessible information materials, including films as well as brochures etc. But again the critical aspect is a concerted outreach approach. Stay the course, this will be a long term strategy. If you have anything else you would like to know please contact the FPDN on 02 8399 0882 or via email enquiries@fpdn.org.auenquiries@fpdn.org.au