1. Chapter 1: Section 3

2. What are Elements and Compounds?  Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

3. What are Elements and Compounds?  Compound– a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined

4. Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water. Chemical Compounds in Cells

5. Molecules and Compounds Carbon dioxide is a compound. So is water. Chemical Compounds in Cells three Carbon & oxygen

6. Cells are made up of:  Carbohydrates – energy rich organic compound  Lipids (fats) – has even more energy than carbohydrates  Proteins – they make up a lot of the structure of cells, for example, the cell membrane and many of the organelles  Nucleic Acids – large organic molecule that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all of life’s functions  Water

7. What Compounds Do Cells Need? (teach ok)  carbohydrates  lipids  proteins  nucleic acids  water

8. What Compounds Do Cells Need?  Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1 st paragraph) Examples: sugars and starches (1 st paragraph) Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3 rd paragraph)

9. Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates: energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1 st paragraph)  Examples: sugars and starches (1 st paragraph)  Makes up cell wall and cell membrane (3 rd paragraph)  Stores energy - (write this)

10. Lipids  Lipids: energy-rich compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and some oxygen (1 st paragraph)  Makes up most of cell membrane (1 st paragraph)  Examples: fats, oils and waxes (2 nd paragraph)  Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates (2 nd paragraph)

11. Proteins  Proteins: large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur (1 st paragraph)  Examples: meat, dairy products, fish, nuts and beans (1 st paragraph)  Many cell structures and functions depend on proteins (2nd paragraph)  Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions in living things (2 nd paragraph)

12. Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

13. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Mostly carbon and hydrogen, some oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur Stores energy, makes up cell wall and cell membrane Makes up most of cell membrane; stores energy from fats Makes up many cell structures; enzymes speed up cell reactions

14. Nucleic Acids  Nucleic acids: long organic molecules made mostly of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus (1 st paragraph)  Has instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life (1 st paragraph)  DNA – a type of nucleic acid – the genetic material that carries information from parent to offspring

15. DNA Smaller molecules connect in specific patterns and sequences, forming DNA. What would be the pattern of colors in the missing area? Nucleic Acids

16. What would be the pattern of colors in the missing area? Nucleic Acids Blue yellow Blue Red Green

17. Do the Math – pg. 26 The graph compares the percentages of some compounds found in a bacterial cell and in an animal cell. What would be a good title for the graph?

18. Comparing Compounds in cells Do the Math – pg. 26

19. Put a star above the bar that shows the percentage of water in an animal cell. How does this number compare to the percentage of water in a bacterial cell? Comparing Compounds in cells Do the Math – pg. 26

20. Put a star above the bar that shows the percentage of water in an animal cell. How does this number compare to the percentage of water in a bacterial cell? Comparing Compounds in cells They are the same. Do the Math – pg. 26

21. Which makes up a larger percentage of an animal cell: proteins or nucleic acids? Comparing Compounds in cells Do the Math – pg. 26

22. Which makes up a larger percentage of an animal cell: proteins or nucleic acids? Comparing Compounds in cells Proteins Do the Math – pg. 26

23. In general, how do you think a bacterial cell and an animal cell compare in their chemical composition? Comparing Compounds in cells Do the Math – pg. 26

24. In general, how do you think a bacterial cell and an animal cell compare in their chemical composition? Comparing Compounds in cells Similar; except for small differences in nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins Do the Math – pg. 26

25. Mostly Water About two thirds of the human body is water. Complete the circle graph to show the percentage of water in your body. Water and Living Things

26. Why is water so important?

27. Substances need to dissolve in water for this to happen. Chemical reactions take place in water

28. Think of how the leaves of a plant wilt when the plant needs water. After adding water – the leaves perk up. Water helps cells keep their shape

29. Think about how the temperature of water changes slowly compared to the temperature of air. Water keeps the temperature of cells from changing rapidly

30. Salt, sugar, etc. Water carries substances into and out of cells

31. Why is water so important? Teach - ok  Chemical reactions take place in water.  Helps cells keep their shape  Helps keep temp of cells stable  Moves substances in and out of cells

32. Why is water so important? Teach - ok  Chemical reactions take place in water.  Helps cells keep their shape  Helps keep temp of cells stable  Moves substances in and out of cells

33. How does water help stuff get into and out of cells? (we’ll talk about these in the next section) o Diffusion – the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane o Osmosis o Active Transport You can go in now; one at a time please!