1. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #1 “Establish a herd/flock health management plan.” Should include: Working with your veterinarian Regular animal evaluation and observation Biosecurity Rodent / Pest Control Plan Cleaning and disinfecting tools and facilities

2. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #1 Biosecurity Preventative measures Procedures to prevent animal health concerns Reduce Risk Plans to reduce the spread of disease through your herd and neighboring herds Record Keeping Maintain records of treatment and movement of livestock

3. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #2 “Develop a V eterinarian / C lient / P atient R elationship (VCPR) Why have a VCPR? Provide advise for animal health practice and plans Assist with animal health diagnosis Provide assistance with prescription drugs or over- the-counter drug

4. W HAT IS NEEDED FOR A VCPR? The veterinarian must: Have assumed the responsibility for making medical judgments regarding the health of the animal(s) and the need for medical treatment Have working knowledge of the animal and/or operation Be readily available for follow-up and consultation The owner / caretaker of the animals must: agree to follow instructions of the veterinarian

5. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #2 Medications Over The Counter (OTC) v.s. Prescription OTC – Any medication that can be purchased legally without a veterinarian’s prescription Prescription – Any medication requiring a veterinarian’s authorization for purchase Why Prescription? Margin of Safety – Animals and People Difficulty identifying disease being treated

6. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #2 Drug Use Labeled Use – Using the medication EXACTLY as it is specified on the label. Legal! Off Label Use – Using medication in a manner other than what is stated on the label “without” veterinarian guidance. ILLEGAL!!! Extra Label Use – using medication WITH a VETERINARIAN prescription in a matter other than what’s on the label. Legal!

7. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #2 M aximum R esidue L evel (MRL) Approved by the Food and Drug Administration Maximum amount of drug that may be allowed in the animal’s tissues at harvest that will have no risk to public health MRL may vary for countries outside the United States

9. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #3 “Use Antibiotics Responsibly” Keep antibiotic use as good as “GOLD” G enerate a plan for disease prevention O bserve for early signs of disease L isten and follow veterinary advice D eliver the best medication, dose and duration of treatment

10. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #3 Antibiotics are made by microorganisms Antibiotics are used for: Disease treatment Disease prevention Improve nutritional efficiency

11. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #3 Principles and Guidelines Take steps to decrease the need for antibiotics Determine the advantages and disadvantages of using antibiotics Always use professional veterinary input Only use antibiotics following an appropriate diagnosis

12. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #3 Principles and Guidelines Limit antibiotic treatment to sick or at-risk animals Antibiotics that are important in treating antibiotic resistant infections in human or veterinary medicine should be used in animals after careful review and reasonable justification Proper handling, storage and disposal of medicated feed is important

13. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 “Identify and track all treated animals” Animal Identification Premise Identification National Animal Identification System (NAIS) Country of Origin Labeling (COOL)

14. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 Permanent Identification Hot or Freeze Branding (Cattle) Tattoo (Cattle, Dairy, Rabbits, Goats, Sheep) Ear Notching (Swine, Cattle) Temporary Identification Paint Marker Ear Tags (Cattle, Dairy, Sheep, Swine, Goats) Brisket Tags (Cattle, Dairy) Leg Bands (Poultry, Dairy Cattle)

15. S WINE N OTCHING A CTIVITY 27 9 81 3 1 9 3 1 Right Ear Left Ear

16. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 Identification of treated animals It is important to be able to identify an animal after you have treated it for keeping records and recognizing the animal again. You should write down the animal’s identification number. You may choose to use different forms of identification for medicated animals.

17. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 Premise Identification Voluntary (Required by some Processing Facilities) Online Registration Form http://www.twinforksclinic.com/PDFs/NE%20Premise%20I D%20Form.pdf Information Required Operation / Producer Name Address Contact Information Legal Description of Premise FREE

18. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 Flock Identification Mandatory Used to reduce the risk of disease Such as Scrapies

19. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 National Animal Identification System (NAIS) Standardize animal identification programs and practices to all livestock species and poultry NAIS Components Animal Identification Premise Identification Animal Tracking Long Term Goal Be capable of “identifying all livestock and premises that have had direct contact with a disease of concern within 48 hours after discovery”

20. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #4 Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) Implemented September 30, 2008 Consumer Driven to ensure product safety Animal Origin and Traceability Birth to Consumers Purchase TRACEABILITY

21. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #5 “Maintain Medication and Treatment Records” Treatment Records Should Include: Date Treated Animal Identification Product Used Dosage or Amount Used Route of Administration and Location Who Administered the Medication Withdrawal Time and Date

22. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #5 Withdrawal Time Withdrawal time is the amount of time needed for a drug to be broken down by the animal’s body, so there will be no chance of drug residue in the tissue. Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) Approved by the Food and Drug Administration Maximum amount of drug that may be allowed in the animal’s tissues at harvest that will have no risk to public health MRL may vary for countries outside the United States

23. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #5 Calculating Withdrawal Time Calculating withdrawal time (Label indicates 7 days) Date and time of last injection: January 1 at 8:00 a.m. Withdrawal time is: January 8 at 8:00 a.m. Jan 2 @ 8 a.m. = 1 day Jan 3 @ 8 a.m. = 2 days Jan 4 @ 8 a.m. = 3 days Jan 5 @ 8 a.m. = 4 days Jan 6 @ 8 a.m. = 5 days Jan 7 @ 8 a.m. = 6 days Jan 8 @ 8 a.m. = 7 days

25. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #6 “Understanding Medication and Drug Labels” Product Name Active Ingr. Labeled Species Treatment Indications Dosage Cautions & Withdrawal Time

26. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #6 Reading a Medication Label Activity

27. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #7 “Using Proper Techniques with Medication Administration” Understand and Use: Proper Administration Procedures Proper Equipment Proper Administration Locations

28. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #7 Administration of Medication Subcutaneous Injections ( SubQ ) Under the skin / hide Intramuscular Injections ( IM ) Injection into the Muscle Tissue Intravenous Injection ( IV ) Injection into the Vein Performed by a Veterinarian

29. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #7 Administration of Medication Intranasal ( IN ) Sprayed into Nasal Cavity Topical Pour-on, Dips, Sprays, Powders Oral Medication Through food, water or drench

30. G OOD P RODUCTION PRACTICE #7 Injection Equipment Use sterile needles Use clean syringes NEVER use a bent or broken needle Clean reusable syringes properly Dispose of used needles in Sharps Container

31. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #7 Administration Locations NEVER give injections in the rump or hind leg or in the loin area!

32. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #7 Administration Locations Beef and Dairy Cattle should not be given more than 10 cc per injection site Young beef and dairy should not be given more than 5 cc per injection site Sheep, goats and swine should not be given more than 5 cc per injection site Baby pigs should not be given more than 1 – 2 cc per injection site Small animals range from 2 – 3 cc per injection site.

33. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #8 Feed Mixing “Follow appropriate feed mixing and diet developing procedures”

34. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #8 Keep buildings and grounds neat and clean Maintain and clean equipment Organize feed workspace and storage Develop guidelines to assure quality feeds Read and understand all medicated feed labels Extra-label Use of feed medication is ILLEGAL! Maintain good feed records and inventories

35. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #9 “Train all animal caretakers on all Good Production Practices” Training all caretakers in your operation is important to insure the best care is given for the well-being of all livestock / animals.

36. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #9 Contact Information How to contact owner How to contact veterinarian Animal Information Species and number of animals Location of animals Feeding / Watering Instructions Feed storage area Feed and water amounts Observation and General Health Care Medication if necessary

37. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 “Provide Proper Care to Improve Animal Well- Being” Record Keeping Emergency Support Daily Observation Animal Evaluation Facilities, Animal Movement and Transportation Timely Euthanasia

38. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Record Keeping Record Keeping includes documentation of a Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR), medication and treatment records, and caretaker training records The FDA suggests that food animal producers keep medication records for 12 months after the animal is marketed.

39. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Emergency Support In case of an emergency, quick communication is important. You may include contact information for: Veterinarian Fire Department Facility Owner Equipment Supplier

40. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Daily Observation Daily observation and animal care are key factors to addressing animal health and well-being and facility or management issues. Daily observation can also help to assess the effectiveness of health and nutrition programs, the suitability of facilities and the quality of caretakers. Daily observation helps ensure that sick animals do not go unnoticed and that your animals’ caretakers are doing their job.

41. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Animal Evaluation The production performance of an animal can often be an indicator of the well-being of the animal. Some production performance measures to track include: Average Daily Gain Average amount of weight an animal gains each day Feed Efficiency Pounds of weight gained per pound of feed consumed Mortality Rates Death loss Body Condition Are useful to assess the adequacy of the nutrition program and to help visually identify animals that may require additional attention

42. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Facilities You need to make sure the following items are well maintained to prevent injuries and/or allow proper growth of animals: Penning materials are appropriate for species Pen space appropriate for number of animals Feeders and feed delivery system Waterers Flooring Alleyways Chutes

43. G OOD P RODUCTION P RACTICE #10 Timely Euthanasia Human Safety: The method must not put you or others at unnecessary risk Animal Well-being: The method should minimize any pain or distress on the animal Practicality / Technical Skill Requirements: The method should be easily learned and repeatable with the same expected outcome Cost: The method should be economical for you to use to ensure it is used when needed Aesthetics: The method should not be objectionable to the person administering the procedure

44. U NDERSTANDING A NIMALS ’: F LIGHT Z ONE Comfort Zone B LIND S POT Range of Vision P OINT OF B ALANCE Movement

45. S UMMARY OF A SSURING Q UALITY Promise to always strive to produce the highest quality product you can Develop a strong VCPR Follow the Good Production Practices Remember YOU are important to the future of the livestock industry Be proud of what you do for agriculture! Help to educate others

46. Y OUTH AWARENESS ON ANIMAL WELFARE Animal welfare : Humans may use animals for their benefit, as a result, humans have a responsibility to care for them and treat them with respect A code of ethics and standards for the human raising and use of animals Animal rights : Not acceptable to use animals for human benefit; for food, clothing, work, research, companionship, or entertainment Human rights=animal rights

47. Q UALITY A SSURANCE AND A NIMAL W ELFARE Quality Assurance was developed because consumers wanted to know the products they were getting from animals were wholesome, safe, and properly cared for You are a youth exhibitor, but you are also a producer The public will view and make opinions about what you do at livestock shows, and relate it to how the whole livestock industry is viewed

48. K EEP IN MIND … You are responsible for the care and well-being of your animals Take pride in the fact that you believe in animal welfare as the right thing to do You are producing a safe, wholesome, and palatable food products for consumers