1. GENOCIDE IN THE MODERN ERA Presented by Jennifer Joe, M.L.S., M.A. April 14, 2015

2. PRIOR TO THE HOLOCAUST  Circassia Perpetrated by the Russian Tsarist Empire 1.5 million killed. 1994, Russia issued public statement Called uprising legitimate Did not apologize, nor acknowledge genocide

3. PRIOR TO THE HOLOCAUST  Armenia 1.5 million Armenians killed. Term genocide coined. Pope Francis recently issued a statement Turkey balks at characterization. Recalled ambassador to the Vatican.

4. CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE  Created by the United Nations General Assembly  Became international law on Jan. 12, 1951  Original draft included political killings. USSR balked.  Only 2 of the 5 members of security council originally signed – France and China U.S. signed in 1988

5. CPPCG GENOCIDE DEFINITION Any of a number of acts “committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.”

6. AFTER THE HOLOCAUST  Laos Product of Laos civil war ¼ of the Hmong population killed Many relocated to the U.S. and Thailand Disputed because the Hmong are political dissenters and rebels

7. AFTER THE HOLOCAUST  Bosnia & Herzegovina International Criminal Court for Bosnia and Herzegovina created. First convicted: General Krstić, Srebrenica Genocide Third ever conviction under CPPCG International Court of Justice upheld conviction but limited scope. Serbia became first state tried for genocide

8. AFTER THE HOLOCAUST  Rwanda International Criminal Court for Rwanda Jean-Paul Akayesu first convicted Mayor of small town 9 counts of genocide Hotel Rwanda (2004)

9. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT  Created July 1, 2002 Headquarters in Den Hague, The Netherlands Prosecutes genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity Rome Statute 139 signatories 31 have not ratified U.S. signed but no longer intends to ratify

10. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT  22 Investigations since inception 7 led to indictment 1 led to conviction Democratic Republic of the Congo 9 investigations still active

11. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein February 5, 2015