2. Causes of WWI 743-746 KEY

3. Nationalism A deep devotion to one’s nation Led to fierce rivalries between European’s most powerful nations (Germany, A-H, Britain, Russia, Italy, France)

4. Imperialism Policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially European nations fiercely competed for colonies in Africa & Asia, often leading to the brink of war (ex. Germany and France fought for control over Morocco)

5. Militarism Policy of glorifying the military and keeping an army prepared for war Led to growth of large militaries across Europe; made citizens feel patriotic, yet also fearful of other nations

6. Triple Alliance (1882) Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (originally formed by Otto von Bismarck) – Italy abandoned in August, 1914 – Ottoman Empire joined in August, 1914 (renamed the Central Powers) Isolated France; declared if one of these nations went to war, the others would back them up; scared Germany’s rival nations (France and later, Britain)

8. Triple Entente (1907) Alliance between Britain, France and Russia – Renamed the Allied Powers in August, 1914 Formed by Britain due to fears of Germany’s rapid militarism & shipbuilding; meant a dispute between two rival powers could draw the entire continent into war; Germany would now be forced to fight on two fronts if war did occur

10. Europe’s Powder Keg The Balkan Peninsula (southeastern Europe) Nationalism was very influential here; new nations like Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia were looking to extend their borders and influence. Serbia hoped to absorb all Slavic peoples into one powerful nation (this threatened Austria- Hungary who had a Slavic minority); A-H annexed Bosnia in 1908 which greatly angered Serbia (Bosnia is heavily Slavic)

12. Assassination in Sarajevo Archduke of A-H, Franz Ferdinand assassinated while visiting city of Sarajevo (in Bosnia) by Gavrilo Princip (a Serbian) & the Black Hand (society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule) Austria eventually declared war on Serbia; Russia supported Serbia & began to mobilize their army towards the Austrian border; Germany pledged to support Austria

14. 19 year old Gavrilo Princip then shoots the Archduke and his wife. They both die instantly and he is arrested.

18. Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia (either surrender or be destroyed) Serbia had Russia’s military support and refused parts of the ultimatum. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914

19. Russia supported Serbia & moved troops to the German & Austrian border. Germany supported Austria & sees Russia’s move as an act of war. Within one week almost all of Europe is plunged into war.

22. Otto von Bismarck Formed the Triple Alliance btw. Germany, A-H and Italy; began Germany’s policy of militarization (Blood and Iron)

23. Kaiser Wilhelm II Leader of Germany before and during WWI; decided to challenge Britain; offered unconditional support to A-H after Ferdinand’s assassination

24. Archduke Franz Ferdinand His assassination by Princip and “The Black Hand” led to A-H’s declaration of war on Serbia

25. Please identify the Armenian Massacre: 2.5 million Christian Armenians pushed for independence from the Ottoman Empire – Greatly offended the Turkish government During WWI, Armenians pledged support to enemies of the Ottoman Empire – Greatly offended the Turkish government In response, Turkish government of Ottoman Empire deported 2 million Armenians – Over 600,000 died of starvation or were killed by Turkish soldiers