1. ACADEMIC ENGLISH III Class 9 April 10, 2013

2. Today !!! Source: en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org Source: www.tumblr.comwww.tumblr.com Source: www.windows2universe.org www.windows2universe.orgSource: www.topmba.com

3. Yeah… Source: psychology.about.compsychology.about.com Source: psychology.about.compsychology.about.com

4. It’s… Source: libguides.asu.edulibguides.asu.edu

5. APA Style American Psychological Association - Started in 1928 - A standardized academic paper format - The standard format used at KAC This style can be tedious

6. APA – General Formatting Margins: 1 inch around Font: Times New Roman – 12 pt. Line spacing: double spaced throughout Word spacing:  1 space after commas, colons, and semi-colons  1 space after period in name (A. B. Smith)  1 space after period separating parts of reference citation  1 or 2 spaces after periods in sentences in text

7. Running head: LEFT-aligned CAPITAL LETTERS Abbreviated title (shortened) Page numbers: RIGHT-aligned Top- right corner

8. Paper’s Title Keep it short and briefly descriptive i.e., Ice Cream vs. Cake: The better dessert Comparing/Contrasting Dogs and Cats on Intelligence

9. APA Style – Citation & References Citations: In-text references of your source(s) References: The section at the end of a paper that lists (in alphabetical order) ALL the sources you cited in your text. - Each uses a different format. - Learning the proper format can be tricky, so it takes time to get used to it.

10. APA Style – Citation & References First – a word about sources - It is important that the sources you use to support a position or provide information in your writing are RELIABLE

11. Sources It is important that the sources you use to support a position or provide information in your writing are RELIABLE Example: The ability to learn grammar is embedded in the human brain and linguistic ability will surface, even if it is not taught (Some Dude’s Blog, yesterday). The ability to learn grammar is embedded in the human brain and linguistic ability will surface, even if it is not taught (Wikipedia). The ability to learn grammar is embedded in the human brain and linguistic ability will surface, even if it is not taught (Chomsky, 1965). Some dude. Really? Getting better, but not quite Great

12. Sources Always think about where your information is coming from. Wikipedia: - Wikipedia is a great starting point, but it is not a completely reliable source. - Instead, check the References section at the end of an entry.

13. Search: Richard I

14. Sources: Internet vs. Print Web: - Anyone can publish on the Internet. - Author’s affiliations and qualifications may not be clear. - May not identify external information or give citations. - May be biased or misleading.

15. Sources: Internet vs. Print Print: - Extensive publication process. - Authors’ affiliations (and often qualifications) are clear. - Give citations/marks outside sources. - Still may be biased, but is still reviewed. - Only qualified documents are published.

16. Sources: Internet vs. Print Whenever possible: Use a printed source! - Book, journal article. Luckily, some of these “printed” materials are also available online (i.e., through the library).

17. Sources: tips for evaluating sources Tone and language used Assumptions/Generalizations Commercial/Non-commercial Advocating a particular opinion Copyright notice Links/Sources cited

18. APA Style: Citation It is necessary that you use expert, reliable sources to provide information and support your position. Citing a source means to tell the reader where you got your information. Example: Students who are motivated by money tend to learn less than students who are motivated to learn by their own interest in a subject (Brown, 2007).

19. APA Style: Citation Why cite? 1. Because you must give credit to the idea’s originator. 2. Citing RELIABLE sources in your own work significantly strengthens your points/arguments. 3. If you make a statement without a source, I could say “That’s just what you think.” 4. If you make a statement supported by a relevant, reliable source, it is much harder for me to argue with you.

20. APA Style: Citation Why cite? 5. If you don’t, you are plagiarizing. Source: radiantshadows.caradiantshadows.ca

21. Citation But, when do I cite?! Source: geardiary.com

22. APA Style: Citation Cite whenever you present someone else’s idea. i.e., If you state a fact The population of South Korea is 48,754,657 (The U.S. Department of State, 2012).

23. APA Style: Citation When you cite a source in the text of your essay, it follows the following format: (author(s)’s last name, year published). Examples: (Brown, 2007) (Smith, Rogers, & Timmons, 1968).

24. APA Style: Citation WHAT ABOUT WEBSITES ?!?! If there is no author listed on a website, you can reference as follows: (website name, date of publication or update). (The U.S. Department of State, 2013) (Stats Canada, 2010)

25. APA Style: Citation WHAT ABOUT WEBSITES ?!?! If there is no author listed on a website, you can reference as follows: (website name, date of publication or update). If there is no date available, use ‘n.d.’ (The U.S. Department of State, n.d.)

26. APA Style: Citation NOTE : there are several ways to cite sources in-text. See the website link about HOW this is done. http://www.lib.sfu.ca/help/writing/apa#websites (APA style guide from Simon Fraser University).

27. APA Style: Citation Author directly cited in text: Gould (1989) attributed Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor. Author not directly cited in text: As metaphors for the workings of nature, Darwin used the tangled bank, the tree of life, and the face of nature (Gould, 1989).

28. APA Style: Citation Direct quote from author: Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to express the other form of interconnectedness-genealogical rather than ecological-and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life” (p.14). Direct quote without name of author: Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life “to express the other form of interconnectedness-genealogical rather than ecological” (Gould, 1989, p.14).

29. APA Style: Citation Multiple sources in the same parentheses: - Separate sources with a semi-colon ; - List sources alphabetically, by author’s surnames. Several studies (Balda, 1980; Kammil, 1988; Pepperberg & Funk, 1990) confirm the use of metaphors increases learning.

30. APA Style: Citation Sources with 3 or more authors: First citation in text: Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen, German, and Rock (1994) found... The use of metaphors was found to be helpful (Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen, German, & Rock, 1994) Subsequent citations (3 or more authors): Wasserstein and colleagues (1994) found Wasserstein et al. (1994) found The use of metaphors was found to be helpful (Wasserstein et al., 1994)

31. APA Style: References All works cited in a paper must also appear in a references section. - References are given in list form at the end of the paper. - This list gets its own page(s): References

32. APA Style: References All works cited in a paper must also appear in a references section. - Each references provides full information about the source. - This list tells the reader how to find a particular source.

33. APA Style: References Basic elements of a References entry: - Author information - Date of publication - Title of the source - Publication information Example (Book): Duke, T. (2003). How to Be Awesome at Life: A Guide for Losers. New York: Oxford University Press.

34. APA Style: References Duke, T. (2003). How to Be Awesome at Life: A Guide for Losers. New York: Oxford University Press. Little, D. W. (200l). Leading change: Creating the future for education technology. Syllabus International, 15(5), 22- 24. - First line of a reference entry is at the margin. - All subsequent lines of an entry are indented. - Each entry is single-spaced (double space BETWEEN entries)

35. APA Style: References Duke, T. (2003). How to Be Awesome at Life: A Guide for Losers. New York: Oxford University Press. Little, D. W. (200l). Leading change: Creating the future for education technology. Syllabus International, 15(5), 22-24. Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap - There are different formats for different types of sources (see guide) - References section is in alphabetical order (by author’s surname, or organization’s name).

36. APA Style: References Duke, T. (2003). How to Be Awesome at Life: A Guide for Losers. New York: Oxford University Press. Landsberger, J. (n.d.). Citing Websites. In Study Guides and Strategies. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from http://www.studygs.net/citation.htm. Little, D. W. (200l). Leading change: Creating the future for education technology. Syllabus International, 15(5), 22- 24. Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

37. References – a few common forms Journal article: Author, A. A. (date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(number), page numbers. Website article: Author, A.A. (Date published if available; n.d.--no date-- if not). Title of article. Title of web site. Retrieved date. From URL. Book: Author, A.A.(date). Title (edition). Place published: pub. company

38. Book Author: Haim Krayze Date: 2001 Title: Homework is the best thing Ever Published in: Anytown Publisher: Moronic Press Journal Authors: Dis Guy, Dat Guryl, Sum Dude Title: Cake: A study of greatness Date: 2013 Journal: International Foodie Journal volume 32 Pages: 213 - 240 Website Article Title: This Place Has Gone Mad Date: No date Retrieved: yesterday Author: Tony Rogers Site: http://www.newspot.com

39. A Note about Research

40. Always take notes when you research! Nothing is worse than finding a great source or a piece of information, then forgetting it later.

41. Taking notes when researching When you locate something that looks useful: 1. Try to paraphrase or summarize instead of copy/paste (unless it’s a quote you want to use).

42. Taking notes when researching When you locate something that looks useful: 2. Keep notes: - Citation: Write it now (it will save you time later). at least: Title author journal or website URL (if online) location: page # (or paragraph #)

43. Taking notes when researching - Example Topic: motivation in second language learning P.522: Source exactly: “I therefore believe that we can foresee in future L2 motivation research a dynamic interplay of established motivational concepts grounded in a social psychological approach and constructs rooted in other psychological fields and approaches.” My notes: Dornyei stated that the future of L2 motivation research will probably involve interaction between various fields of psychology and approaches. Write: Dornyei, Z. (1994) Understanding L2 Motivation: On with the Challenge! Modern Language Journal. 78, 515 – 523 p. 522