1. Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar E L.I. Today we are learning how to use commas and other punctuation correctly. I think My teacher thinks Y I can use commas correctly in lists, terms of address and to separate parts of a sentence. G I can explain how a comma can change the meaning of a sentence. B I can come up with my own examples, using other punctuation such as semicolons and colons correctly. EffortPresentation

2. hesitantly was France under but him quiet an Match the word to its word class

3. verb noun conjunction determiner adjective adverb preposition pronoun hesitantly was France under but her quiet an Match the word to its word class

4. hesitantly adverb was verb France noun (proper noun) under preposition but conjunction herpronoun quiet adjective an determiner Answers

5. your and you’re

6. it’s and its We only use an apostrophe for it is (contraction). Remember...

7. you’re and your We only use an apostrophe for you are (contraction). So...

8. 1. Pick up _____ exercise books. 2. ______ working well today. 3. Remember to do ______ homework. 4. I’m so happy that _______ here! 5. As you can see, ______ plants are growing well in _______ garden; _______ taking good care of them! 6. Come up with _____ own! Try to get both versions in!

9. Be careful to check. Spelling is powerful! Eat your dinner Eat, you’re dinner!

10. And now moving onto...

11. When to use a comma Remember, commas have great power.

12. When to use a comma 1. To separate items in a list. - We had chips, sausages, bacon and peas for lunch. - A bride should have something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue. (The last but one item in a list is usually joined with the word ‘and’ instead of a comma.)

13. When to use a comma 2. To separate terms of address/the person we are addressing. - Hey, you! - My dears, I’m delighted to see you - Answer the phone, Sally! - I regret to say, ladies and gentlemen, that our play tonight is cancelled. - It’s time to eat, Bob! The person you’re addressing is called the vocative, as in ‘vocal’ (you call them). You always need a comma before it

14. When to use a comma 3. To separate clauses or phrases from the independent (main) clause. Slowly, the dog, who was brown, ate the dog food, although he would have preferred a bone. ?? ?

15. Fronted adverbialRelative clause Subordinating conjunction, making a subordinate clause.

16. Commas also separate short asides and additions from the rest of the sentence. Well, I will do what I can. It’s very cold today, isn’t it? His excuse, for what it’s worth, is that he forgot. If you took out what has been separated by the comma, the sentences would still make sense.

17. 1.I like to play with Jill Jan Joe and Brad. 2.I like red green blue and orange. 3.Kate Kim and Abbey joined the team. 4.Don’t forget to empty the rubbish vacuum the carpet and clean the windows! 5.Would you rather have pizza chips or hot dogs? 6.Robert when will you arrive? 7.Have you found one Bob? 8.Time for another talk Jim! 9.I find you completely arrogant over-confident and a general waste of space! 10.Come here James and pick up your mess. 11.You don’t know what you’re talking about idiot! 12.She grabbed a handful of Mars bars chewy sweets and bubblegum and went to the counter. 13.The room was dirty smelly and very dark. 14.Sweetie can you get that for me? 15.Please come over here you I need a pen pencil and ruler.

18. Extension 1.Yes I like the car. 2.No it’s not too red. 3.I shouldn’t eat the cake should I? 4.Well then shall we sign the papers? 5.Oh what a beautiful day! 6.That’s a bit harsh isn’t it? 7.He said he would arrive today however I don’t believe him. 8.Still I can’t believe it! 9.The man fell to the floor and as you can well imagine he found himself in considerable pain. 10.I was of course disgusted by his behaviour.

19. When to use a comma Remember, commas have great power. Commas to avoid confusion!

20. What is the difference? Why?

21. Object of verb (the thing being eaten) vocative (the person being addressed)

22. A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. “Why?” asks the confused waiter, as the panda starts walking out of the exit.

23. A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. “Why?” asks the confused waiter, as the panda starts walking out of the exit. “I’m a panda,” he replies, “Look me up: Large black and white mammal that eats, shoots and leaves.”

24. Explain how the comma changes the meaning in the sentences below: Are you coming to see, Ali? Are you coming to see Ali? I love cooking my dogs and my family. I love cooking, my dogs and my family. A panda eats shoots and leaves. A panda eats, shoots and leaves.

25. Other examples: Most of the time, travellers worry about my luggage. Most of the time travellers worry about my luggage.

26. Other examples: Stop clubbing baby seals! Stop clubbing, baby seals!

27. Other examples:

28. Semicolons Semicolons can be used instead of full stops. They separate parts of a sentence that could make sense by themselves but are linked together. I like pizza. The tomato sauce is delicious. I like pizza; the tomato sauce is delicious. These are two independent (main) clauses that are relevant to each other. Think of your semicolon like a knife; you are chopping your sentence in half.

29. Semicolons If items in a list are long items, we might also use a semicolon instead of a comma to avoid confusion. Our school is known for the quality of the teaching, especially in English; the healthy and appealing food; the intelligence and helpfulness of the students.

30. Colons Colons are used to introduce lists. Today I bought: apples, pears and bananas. A colon can also be used to introduce an explanation, definition or quote. I’ll tell you what I’m going to do: I’m going to quit. Elephant: a large grey mammal. In Scene 5, Romeo states: “Juliet I love you.” They are the “ta daaah!” of punctuation. They are just about to show you something!

31. Punctuate with semicolons, colons or commas. 1.The dog was happy it had found its bone. 2.I went to France it rained all day. 3.You will need a box some glue and a ruler. 4.Method First place your equipment on the large oak desk. 5.I’m really looking forward to today we’re doing Grammar. 6.There is one word for this fabulous. 7.Come up with your own.

32. Just for fun: Punctuation Power Dear John: I want a man who knows what love is all about. You are generous, kind, thoughtful. People who are not like you admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me for other men. I yearn for you. I have no feelings whatsoever when we’re apart. I can be forever happy. Will you let me be yours? Gloria

33. Without changing a word... Dear John: I want a man who knows what love is. All about you are generous, kind, thoughtful people, who are not like you. Admit to being useless and inferior. You have ruined me. For other men, I yearn. For you, I have no feelings whatsoever. When we’re apart, I can be forever happy. Will you let me be? Yours, Gloria