2. Reconstruction Era in the United States 1865-1877

3. Hook: What Now?

4. Reconstruction officially began Lee’s surrender to Grant. Southerners would not be punished for seceding. Would not have to pay for damages for the war. “A house divided, cannot stand. “-Lincoln

5. Not only buildings but the country had to be Reconstructed.

6. Here is how we are going to study Reconstruction? PoliticalIn this box you are going to write anything that relates to government. EconomicIn this box you are going to take notes on anything that is related to the Economy. GeographicIn the box you are going to take notes on how geography impacted the time period. (i.e. North and South) SocialIn this box you are going to take notes on any changes that people had to make during the time period.

7. Lincoln’s administration (with the help of Abolitionists -white and Black) 1865- 13 th amendment passed abolishing slavery. Freedman’s Bureau was set up to help free former slaves find employment and legal aid. Freedman’s Bureau and many churches built schools to lower the illiteracy rate.

8. The Freedman’s Bureau Provided food, shelter, and medicine. Helped them find jobs. Represented them in court Created Schools for African Americans Obstacles facing Bureau agents: -KKK -Lack of roads and transportation -Several agents were killed and other wounded.

9. Carpet baggers and Scalawags

10. (former?) Confederates respond Texas Legislature passed (states rights) the Black codes limiting the Civil rights of African Americans. Legalizing the jailing of an African American if he didn’t have a job. Forcing African Americans to sign labor contracts benefitting employers. Were not given land or allowed to participate in government. Interracial marriages were outlawed.

11. Letter to a Freedman Write a letter to a Freeman describing what the government is going to do to integrate them into American Society. Be sure to warn them of the dangers in the South. Remember to include pictures because most slaves were illiterate.

12. Closure/ Exit ticket Closure: Remember our objective was to Analyze the Political, Economic, and Social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas. Although today we focused on the social effects during reconstruction be sure not to forget that many of these issues were connected. Exit Ticket: Respond in paragraph format to the following prompt: “What strategies were implemented in order to give Freedmen equality in American society during the Reconstruction era?”

13. Civil War battles in Texas Assignment: Scholars are to draw the map of Texas and include on the map the battles that occurred in Texas. The map is located on page. 311 The map should be drawn on the top half of the paper in your notes and then should include a paragraph explanation of the map.

14. Texas Cattle Industry 7 th grade Texas History Mr. Luna

15. Connection to the Unit Question UNIT Question: How does a business become a way of life for a Region? IB Profile Trait: Knowledgeable- You are going to become knowledgeable in order to explain how the Cattle Industry became a key characteristic of Texas culture? Objective: Explain how the cattle Industry was able to survive the Civil War and then describe its long-term impact.

16. Key Vocabulary for today 1)Ranching 2) Policy 3) Reservation 4) Human Rights 5) Native American Raids

17. Key points for today’s lesson 1.Texas is widely known for its cattle industry. 2.The cattle industry flourished in Texas because of the geographical qualities that make Texas a good location. 3.The Spanish are primarily responsible for Texas cowboy culture because of the cultural diffusion that took place during the Spanish colonization period. 4.The Cattle industry was not a staple such as “King Cotton” during the Civil War, however the end of slavery led to decline in cotton production. 5.The growth of the Cattle Industry was also directly correlated with the growth of the railroads which increased during the Civil War/ Industrial Revolution.

18. WHY THIS MATTERS? Real-world connection: The Cattle Industry created a Texan culture that has made Texas distinctly different from other states. This Unique identity persists although modernization has move Texas’ identity away from that lifestyle in the region.

19. DO NOW: What types of jobs were available to African Americans during Reconstruction and afterwards?

20. DO NOW: Questions 1) Why was cowboy life a good match for former Civil War soldiers? 2) What were some lessons learned by Americans after the Civil War? (i.e. railroads, industrialization, Equality)

21. Reason people decided to move to the frontier after the Civil War Destruction as a result of total war. Economic opportunities: - Land = wealth because… - Agriculture - Increased freedom due to a lack of government presence. Exciting because…

22. Branding with hook(student brand)

23. Cause and effect chart for the Civil War and the follow industries: 1) Cotton production in the South 2) Manufacturing in the North 3) Ranching in the Southwest How did the freeing of African Americans have a significant impact on each of these industries?

24. How the cattle industry works?

25. “Teacher speak”: The fact that the battles of the Civil War were primarily fought on water meant the Texas economy fared better than other states which meant that industries such as the cattle industry continued to develop. CFU: Why do you believe that soldiers that fought during the Civil War were drawn to to frontier life? SR: Soldiers after the war either wanted to escape the memories of the war that were ever present in the South and/or wanted a job that utilized their particular skill set. The cattle industry flourished in Texas because of the geographical qualities that make Texas a good location. The growth of the Cattle Industry was also directly correlated with the growth of the railroads which increased during the Civil War/ Industrial Revolution.

26. Independent Practice Scholars will divided into the following groups under each title: 1) Effects of the Civil War divided by North and South. - North- Positive and Negative effects of the War on the North (2 groups) - South- (Same 2 groups for the South) 2) Reconstruction - The laws of the Reconstruction Era - Black Codes, Freedman’s Bureau and the KKK 3) Cattle Industry - Black cowboys and opportunities on the Frontier - How the cattle industry worked - Cowboy lifestyle In the groups the scholars will be given the following roles: researcher, poster maker and presenter. *Once the scholars are broken into groups the scholars will then create posters for each topic. The scholars then create an assignment for other scholars to complete and then make the posters into stations that the scholars will complete.

27. Share Cropping

28. The Cotton boom and the Sharecropping economy. The Cotton Boom- occurred during the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) Cause: Technological advancesEx: Steel Plow, and the Cotton Gin. Slavery Ended Slaves were uneducated and were untrained to do other jobs and as a result had difficulty finding employment. Some migrated to northern states to work in factories. Most worked as sharecroppers. Many moved to the West on the Frontier. (i.e. cowboys, buffalo soldiers. Sharecropping system was an unfair economic system that was also supported by Jim crow laws/ Black codes Plessey v. Ferguson- The supreme court decided that separate but equal was constitutional.

29. Homework: Using the information that we covered in class about African American history you may create one of the following products in class. Make sure that you create something that you can be proud of. You are going to create a poem, story, diary/journal, letter about a freedman/Freedwoman life from slavery through the Cotton Boom.

30. Closure Closure: STOP METHOD: S- summarize the lesson T- tie into the Unit Question O- explain the objective P- identify the profile trait

31. Homework Explain in a unique way which was more important to Texas History: the discovery of oil or the cattle industry.

32. EXIT TICKET FOR THIS LESSON Exit ticket: 1) What is the cattle industry? 2) Why did the cattle industry develop in Texas? 3) What were the main components of Texas and other Southern states economy? 4) In what ways did the cattle industry provide opportunities for free blacks after the Civil War? 5) What were the primary responsibilities of being a cowboy?

33. Vocabulary Review Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act of 1830 Policy Reservation Animal Conservation Human rights/ Inalienable rights Native American Raids Homestead Act Open Range Vaquero/ Cowboy lifestyle Branding herds Cynthia Ann Parker Quanah Parker Immigrants Railroads Trans-continental Railroad Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek. Buffalo Dawes Act Texas Rangers Barb Wire Spanish origins Gun use Boom town

34. 1) What did Abraham Lincoln do to help end slavery? 2) What role did the Freedman’s Bureau have in helping former slaves? 3) Define Jim Crow Laws 4) Robert E. Lee 5) Ulysses S. Grant 6) What were the causes of the Civil War? 7) How did the Civil War impact the Southern Economy? 8) Fredrick Douglas 9) What were the effects of the election of 1860? 10) Why did the North win the Civil War? Essay: Option #1- In what ways was Reconstruction worse and better for African Americans? 2) Why is the Civil War a significant event in American History?

36. Warm Up 4 Listen to the “Beverly Hillbillies” Theme Song 4 Answer the following questions: –What were the 2 names given to oil? –Why was it called Black Gold ? –Why was it called Texas Tea ?

37. Spindletop A discovery that changed Texas forever

38. Examine these photos Describe what’s in the picturesDescribe what’s in the pictures Write 3 to 4 observationsWrite 3 to 4 observations

39. Sittin’ on gold--black gold that is Oil was discovered in Texas by Native Americans. They found a black substance seeping from certain places in the earth.

40. They had several uses for oil such as waterproofing canoes. However, the potential for this black substance went untapped until….

41. Patillo Higgins Started a town on Spindle top Hill near Beaumont He placed ads in newspapers to Find engineers and explorers To drill Caught the attention of Anthony Lucas Created the Glady’s City, Oil, Gas, and Manufacturing Company Who Am I?

42. Anthony Lucas He was a leading expert on Mining salt domes The Pennsylvania business people who found Reserves in Corsicana Funded the expedition. Lucas hit oil at Spindletop on Jan 10, 1901 He leases land from Higgins but ran out of money Who Am I?

43. Anthony F. Lucas began drilling in salt dome deposits near Beaumont in October of 1900.

44. Texas was changed forever when Lucas hit a gusher at Spindletop in January,1901.

45. The Spindletop Oil Field and the oil beneath was a pleasant surprise for Texans.

46. News of the gusher spread around the world. New people and new industries came to Texas almost overnight.

47. How was Texas transformed? Your assignment is to learn more about this great discovery through document analysis. Read the instructions for Part 2 of your student activity sheet and complete the document analysis.

48. MAJOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS DISCOVERIES, 1900–1940

49. Spindletop ushered in the great oil boom in Texas. Oil companies and wildcatters, or speculators willing to gamble and drill in places not known for oil, began drilling.

50. One such wildcatter was Columbus “Dad” Joiner. Dad Joiner went broke several times drilling for oil until... he struck gold in East Texas in 1930.

51. Joiner’s discovery became known as the East Texas Oil Field. In a little over 40 years, this field produced more than 4 billion barrels of oil. It accounted for 1/10 of the oil produced in the United States.

52. CM Joiner Who Am I?

53. Unfortunately, all good things must come to an end. By the end of 1931, the East Texas field had 3,600 wells. Only a couple of years later, the field had 26,000 wells. Sounds good, but...

54. The rapid growth in oil production reduced the price of oil from $1.10 a barrel to 10 cents a barrel in a matter of a few months.

55. The boom was followed by a bust. Regulation and discoveries in West Texas helped bring Texas out of this initial bust, but the boom/ bust cycle has continued through the years. Today, petroleum is still key to the Texas economy. Boom and Bust

56. However... we have had to diversify our economy and develop other industries so that we are not totally dependent on oil.

57. Petrochemicals are chemicals or products made from oil and natural gas. One such industry is the petrochemical industry.

58. Amon G. Carter Who Am I?

59. In closing… Oil Boom Increase in Tx. population Dev of new industries Improvements to Tx Transportation

60. Interactions between people Can you identify the relationship between these two images?

61. Quanah Parker Son of Cynthia Ann Parker Led Comanche's to drive out buffalo hunters, CFU- Why was protecting the buffalo a significant issue for Native Americans? Eventually he moved onto a reservation and fought to improve the relationship between the Native Americans and the American government.

62. Images of the effects of buffalo hunting

63. Clothing made from Buffalo fur

64. Long term effect In what ways did Buffalo hunting have a lasting impact on the Native Americans? The Dawes act was a law that legally divided Native American Lands. In conclusion the Native American way of life was coming to an end and the frontier was open to Anglo American settlers who brought cattle ranching with them.

65. Rundown of what happened to the Native American people Assessment. 1)Most people perceived Native Americans as “bad” people. Why are the examples of Cynthia Ann Parker and her son Quanah Parker examples that the belief was a stereotype? 2)How did policies such as Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek lead to the passing of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears? Please explain each item in detail.

66. EXIT TICKET What were the effects of Westward Expansion on Native Americans? Explain the purpose of Cattle trains. Why are two main reasons the cattle industry declined in the United States?

67. Homework for 1/14/13 Find a movie(approved by your parents) about one of the following topics: - Relationship between Native Americans and the U.S. government - The Oil Boom (Giant-1957) -cattle ranching -Wild West - 2) Write a one page summary of the film in the following format: *Plot summary- 1 paragraph *Identify at least three concepts that we covered in class that were depicted in film. * Opinion on the movie good or bad, how could it have been better, summary/conclusion 3) Study of a quiz next class period

68. Why didn’t the Treaty of medicine Lodge work? What were the Pros and Cons of Moving onto a reservation? *Need a primary source document about life on a reservation. *Need Primary source that compares perspectives on the Texas Rangers as being good or bad? Need info on Custer’s last stand and massacre at wounded Knee Need story of Geronimo’s life- analysis questions activities.