1. TURKEY’S ENERGY PROFILE

2. Heating WE NEED ENERGY IN ALL PARTS OF OUR LIVES Health Transport Entertainment Technology Social Life

3. Coal Fossil Oil Natural Gas Sun Wind Hydraulic Geothermal Bioenergy Nuclear Fossil Fuels Renewable Resources WE OBTAIN ENERGY FROM..

4. TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IN 2006 99.590 Mtoe

5. % % % % % % SOURCES OF DOMESTIC ENERGY PRODUCTION

6. According to the statistics in 2006

8. AREAS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY COVERSION OUTSIDE ENERGY AGRICULTURE TRANSPORT HOUSES AND SERVICES INDUSTRY Ttoe

9. SUPPLYING THE ULTIMATE ENERGY NEED DEMAND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION NET IMPORT Ttoe

10. GENERAL SITUATION OF TURKEY’S ENERGY RESOURCES

11. Coal In Turkey, 8845 MW of the electric energy is obtained from coal. But it can be raised to 8845 MW with some improvements. In this way, Turkey can produce 66 % of its electric energy. Turkey’s coal reserve 9,4 billion ton lignite 1,3 billion ton pit coal GENERAL SITUATION OF TURKEY’S ENERGY RESOURCES

13. 61 % of the energy that is used is obtained from petrol and natural gas. While it was possible to produce 25 % of the need in the past years, now our country can only supply 7 % of it due to the increasing demand. PETROL

14. Natural gas has a share of 28,6 % in the total energy supply in 2006. The consumption of natural gas grew fast reaching the level of 14,3 billion cubic meters. It constitutes 17,4 % of the ultimate energy consumption. NATURAL GAS

15. Consumption Rate THE CONSUMPTION RATES OF PETROL AND NATURAL GAS

16. Boron is found in the form of salt in nature because it is not a free element. It is regarded as the fuel of future. Turkey owns 65 % of world boron reserves, but it only makes 32 % of world production. The world reserves outside Turkey can supply boron for 50 years maximum. However, Turkey can provide the world’s need for 450-500 years. Turkey’s boron consumption is currently 1-2 % of the world’s production. BORON

17. Renewable Energy Resources

18. Due to the geographical location of Turkey, its solar energy potential is quite high. Its annual average of having sun light is approximately 2640 hours (total 7.2 hours daily) SOLAR POWER

19. Solar energy potential of Turkey is calculated to be 380 billion kWh /per year. It is equal to the electricity production of a natural gas production plant that possesses 56.000 MW installed power. The amount of the solar collectors that are installed in our country is about 12 million m2 and technical potential of solar energy is approximately 76 TOE. Some of this annual production which has a volume of 750,000 m2. Turkey can use 4/1000 of its solar power potential.

20. WIND POWER. Wind power of the world is 53 TWh /year in total. The total installed wind power in the world is currently 40.301 MW. 1 / 3 od this power is situated in Germany.

21. . The potential wind power of Turkey is 48.000MW. If this potential was thoroughly used, Turkey would be able to provide 55 percent of its energy demand. It is estimated that by the end of 2008, the installed power of Turkey reached 400MW.

22. Geothermal power is energy generated from the heat stored in the earth. China, Japan, USA, Iceland and Turkey use the most of geothermal power and thermal water in the world. These countries are in the first five in the rankings.

23. Turkey has a good geothermal potential, because it lies on a part of Alpine-Himalaya System. Turkey’s geothermal energy potential is approximately 31.500 MW. 55% of Turkey’s geothermal power is used for heating. In our country, about 300 acres of greenhouses are heated with geothermal energy and in 15 towns 65000 apartments are heated with geothermal energy. 1.500 MW of geothermal energy potential of Turkey is suitable for electricity production. Today just 27MW of this energy is used for this purpose. Geothermal energy producing plants that are under construction is expected to produce 25MW, which will increase the usage of this energy by nearly 100 percent.

24. Technically, hydroelectric energy potential in Turkey is estimated to be 36,000 MW.

25. Consumption Rate

26. Bioenergy is obtained from biofuels like bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas and biomass. This is a way to benefit from the plant and animal waste.

27. Turkey has 160 thousand tons of bioethanol capacity. Turkey’s installed biodiesel capacity corresponds to 1.5 million tons of petrol.

28. Turkey’s installed biogas capacity is approximately 15 MW.

29. Turkey has 9000 tons of uranium and 380.000 tons of thorium reserves. Since there is no installed nuclear power plant in Turkey, these reserves are not currently in use. NUCLEAR POWER

30. 25 percent of our country’s electricity is obtained from hydro-electric power, which is called a renewable resource while 75 percent of it is obtained from thermal power plants. The entire hydro-electric power potential that can be technically and economically utilizable will be used to generate electricity up to 2023

31. WHAT ARE TURKEY’S ENERGY POLICIES FOR THE FUTURE?

32. The European Council granted Turkey the candidate status for full membership of EU in Helsinki in December 1999. While Turkey is advancing on the path to EU, it is trying to adapt some laws to EU legal structure and this is not much different in the energy issue.

33. European Commission set compulsory targets for the member states according to its road map. Accordingly, 20 % share in the energy consumption should be obtained from renewable energy sources by 2020 and biofuels should have a 10 % share in this target. Turkey passed the Renewable Energy Law (2005) and Geothermal Law (2007) in the parliament to encourage the use of renewable resources. The government forces the electricity distribution companies to buy electricity for 7 years from power plants with a renewable energy certificate. It also guaranties the purchase of the produced renewable electric energy over 5-5.5 euro-cent.

34. Since more than the half of Turkey’s energy need is met by imports, the government priotizes use of domestic resources under the energy policy framework. According to this policy framework, domestic lignite and renewable energy resources have a big part in the power supply, especially in the generation of electricity.

35. The EU and its member countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol in late May 2003. The Annex 1 to the Kyoto Protocol (developed countries ) undertook to reduce the greenhouse gases in the post 2000 period by at least 5 %. Thus, the climate change in the world and the energy polices become integrated and especially the countries which entered into commitments to reduce greenhouse gases have to reshape their energy policies in this perspective.

36. Turkey adopted the Kyoto Protocol with the decision of the Parliamentary General Assembly on 05.02.2009 According to this protocol, transport, energy and waste disposal system must change. Because of the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, renewable energy consumption is expected to rise.

37. WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL TURKEY REPORT(2006) TURKEY MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES’ WEB SITE www.enerji.gov.tr EUROPEAN COUNCIL’S WEB SITE ttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm TURKISH ELECTRICAL POWER RESOURCES SURVEY AND DEVELOPMENTADMINISTRATION www.eie.gov.tr

38. Thank you for listening to us. Prepared by: Simge Hacıoğlu, 11B (smg-764@hotmail.com) Ilgın Kaya, 11C (il--kaya@hotmail.com) Berkan Ergülen, 11D (gfbberkan22@hotmail.com) gfbberkan22@hotmail.com Advisors Güven Adıgüzel, Biology Teacher (guvenadiguzel@hotmail.com) Reyhan Orman, English Teacher (reyhanorman@yahoo.com)