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4. Chapter Introduction Section 1Living in Russia Section 2People and Their Environment Chapter Summary & Study Guide Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

5. Intro 1

6. Intro 2 Describe the economic changes Russia has experienced in its move from a command economy to a market economy, and the effects of those changes on agriculture, transportation, and communications.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Identify the challenges Russia faces as the region struggles to manage its resources and control environmental damage.

7. Intro 3 As you read this chapter, make notes in your journal about life in Russia today. Use clear, specific language to explain how recent economic and political changes have affected the people of Russia.

8. End of Intro

9. Section 1-1 Living in Russia Explain how Russia has moved toward a market economy.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. List changes in agriculture, industry, transportation, and communications since the breakup of the Soviet Union.  Describe Russia’s role in the global community.

10. Section 1-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know command economy  Living in Russia consumer goods  black market  market economy  privatization  kolkhoz  sovkhoz

11. Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Siberia  Places to Locate Vladivostok Living in Russia

12. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

13. Section 1-5 In spite of its vast population and giant industries, Russia produces relatively few automobiles. In 1998, Russia manufactured slightly fewer than one million passenger cars and a little over one hundred thousand trucks. Compare these statistics with those of the United States, which manufactures 5.6 million cars and 6.5 million trucks a year.

14. Section 1-6 Changing Economies The Soviet Command Economy The Soviet Union functioned as a command economy, in which the government controlled production, pricing, and distribution.  (pages 387–390) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. During the 1970s and 1980s, when Western countries began to invest in high technology, the Soviets continued to focus on heavy industry.  As a result, the Soviet standard of living declined.

15. Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Changing Economies (cont.) The Market Economy In 1985 Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev oversaw the beginnings of the transition to a market economy, in which supply and demand control prices.  He allowed people to start small businesses and encouraged foreign investment. (pages 387–390)

16. Section 1-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Changing Economies (cont.) Privatization Privatization of the economy continued after the Soviet Union broke up in 1991.  Russian President Boris Yeltsin lifted most price controls and encouraged the transition from state ownership of companies and industries to private ownership.  Privatization so far has benefited a few wealthy businesspeople more than most average Russian workers. (pages 387–390)

17. Section 1-9 Changing Economies (cont.) Widespread corruption and organized crime threaten to destabilize Russia’s economy and society. (pages 387–390)

18. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Changing Economies (cont.) The Transition Continues A financial crisis in 1998 made prices soar in Russia, and the international community made large loans to help the Russian economy.  Yeltsin’s successor, Vladimir Putin, faces continuing challenges in his efforts to improve Russia’s economic performance. (pages 387–390)

19. Section 1-11 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Changing Economies (cont.) (pages 387–390)

20. Section 1-12 Why have the workers not benefited from the removal of price controls? Price controls kept goods affordable. Once the controls were lifted, working people could no longer afford many things. Prices rose to amounts that only the wealthy were willing to pay. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Changing Economies (cont.) (pages 387–390)

21. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Agriculture and Industry Under the Soviets, farms and factories were organized and controlled by the government.  (pages 390–391) Kolkhozes were small state-controlled farms worked by peasants who shared some of the goods and profits.  Sovkhozes were large state-controlled farms worked by people who were paid wages.

22. Section 1-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. In 1991 Yeltsin tried to restructure the state-owned farms, but farmers resisted changes.  Agriculture and Industry (cont.) Production has risen recently, and imports have decreased.  Russia’s most important industry is petroleum extraction and processing.  Russia’s domestic oil provides its other industries with vital energy at a reasonable cost.  Most of Russia’s heavy industries are in the Volga Valley, near Moscow. (pages 390–391)

23. Section 1-15 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Agriculture and Industry (cont.) (pages 390–391)

24. Section 1-16 Why did farmers resist the changes Yeltsin tried to make in agriculture? Possible answers: They were used to being told what to grow and how to market crops instead of thinking for themselves. They needed time to adjust to Yeltsin’s proposals and develop entrepreneurship. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Agriculture and Industry (cont.) (pages 390–391)

25. Section 1-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Transportation and Communications Transporting Goods Russia’s highways span great distances, but many are in poor repair and are made impassable by the cold climate.  (pages 391–393) Russia’s railroads and waterways provide most of its transportation.  The Trans-Siberian Railroad covers over 5,744 miles (9,244 km) between Vladivostok and the Ural Mountains.

26. Section 1-18 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 391–393)

27. Section 1-19 Transporting People Most urban Russians rely on public transportation, although automobile ownership has risen.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The high cost of fuel and reduced passenger traffic because of skyrocketing ticket prices have forced the closing of many airports. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 391–393)

28. Section 1-20 Transporting Energy Russia is crisscrossed with pipelines that carry natural gas, crude oil, and other petroleum products.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Some oil reserves and pipelines lie in ethnic republics that are fighting for independence, which raises concern in Moscow. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 391–393)

29. Section 1-21 Mass Communications  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 391–393) -Under the Soviet Union, the state owned and controlled all mass communications systems.  -Since the Soviet breakup, Russians have heard and read new voices and fresh views.  -Although only 20 percent of rural households have telephones because of Russia’s great size, about 50 percent of urban households have phones.  -The Internet, e-mail, and cellular phones are now being used in Russia.

30. Section 1-22 Why might Russia, in particular, want an efficient, well-run airline industry? The distances between places in a country the size of Russia are great. Train travel is much slower than air travel. Unfavorable climate conditions make it difficult to build, maintain, and use highways in Russia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 391–393)

31. Section 1-23 Global Interdependence Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Trade Russia and the other former Soviet republics have expanded international trade relations.  (page 393) Russia exports energy and fuels and imports consumer goods, meat, and medicines.

32. Section 1-24 International Relations  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Global Interdependence (cont.) (page 393) -Despite economic and political challenges, Russia maintains its important role in world affairs.  -Russia occupies the former Soviet Union’s seat in the United Nations’ National Security Council.  -Russia has helped settle conflicts and has supported peace efforts in several countries, especially in former Soviet republics.

33. Section 1-25 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Global Interdependence (cont.) (page 393) -Russia is heavily dependent on foreign investment.  -With help from other countries, Russia is strengthening its banking system and improving its transportation and communications systems.

34. Section 1-26 Why are other countries interested in helping Russia? Possible answers: Other countries are interested in helping Russia because it produces vast amounts of oil. It also represents new markets for goods and services. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Global Interdependence (cont.) (page 393)

35. Section 1-27 Checking for Understanding __ 1.an economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand __ 2.any illegal market where scarce or illegal goods are sold, usually at high prices __ 3.in the Soviet Union, a small farm worked by farmers who shared in the farm’s production and profits A.command economy B.consumer goods C.black market D.market economy E.privatization F.kolkhoz G.sovkhoz Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C F D Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

36. Section 1-28 Checking for Understanding __ 4.a change to private ownership of state-owned companies and industries __ 5.goods that directly satisfy human wants __ 6.in the Soviet Union, a large farm owned and run by the state __ 7.economic system in which economic decisions about production and distribution are made by some central authority E B G Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A.command economy B.consumer goods C.black market D.market economy E.privatization F.kolkhoz G.sovkhoz A

37. Section 1-29 Critical Thinking Predicting Consequences How might Russia’s agricultural and industrial sectors be affected by Russia’s growing global interdependence? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Both sectors may become more productive with free trade and foreign aid.

38. Section 1-30 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting How did the Soviet command economy and the Russian market economy affect the Russian people? During the command economy, unemployment was low but so were wages, consumer goods were scarce, and some sectors were undeveloped. During the market economy, there were private economic opportunities and the supply of some goods increased, but so did unemployment. Also, profits were invested outside the country, and crime and corruption increased.

39. Section 1-31 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Making Inferences What can you infer about Russia’s goals, based on changes in Russia’s trade and international relations since the Soviet breakup? Russia is hoping to become part of Western economic and trade groups in order to secure further investments. Russia inherited the Soviet Union’s seat on the United Nations’s Security Council. Russia hopes to play a leading role in settling conflicts.

40. Section 1-32 Analyzing Maps Human-Environment Interaction Study the economic activity map below. In what area is the raising of livestock concentrated? How is this related to the physical geography of the region? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

41. Section 1-33 Analyzing Maps Most livestock grazes in southern Russia, on the grasslands of the steppe.

42. Section 1-34 Applying Geography Effects of Size and Distance Think about the physical geography of Russia. Write a paragraph analyzing how Russia’s vast size affects the availability of natural resources and the country’s ability to develop them.

43. Section 1-35 Close Attempt to establish an e-mail link with a Russian school to exchange information about everyday life with students there.

44. End of Section 1

45. Section 2-1 People and Their Environment Discuss how Russia manages its natural resources.  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Describe some of the effects of pollution on the people of Russia.  Identify some of the environmental challenges Russia faces.

46. Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know radioactive material  People and Their Environment pesticide  nuclear waste

47. Section 2-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Kamchatka  Places to Locate Lake Baikal People and Their Environment

48. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

49. Section 2-5 Chernobyl is not the only nuclear accident that has occurred in the world. At least six accidents have occurred in and around nuclear facilities in the United States. The most serious and best known occurred at the Three Mile Island facility in Middletown, Pennsylvania, in 1979. In 1999, a nuclear accident in Japan exposed people to high levels of radiation.

50. Section 2-6 Managing Resources Russia possesses abundant natural resources.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 396–397) The environment, however, has been damaged by careless resource management.  Russia must find a way to make use of its resources without repeating its past disregard for the environment.

51. Section 2-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Managing Resources (cont.) Russia is trying to improve the condition of its forests.  It is working toward this goal by using land more wisely, planting new trees, and increasing private forestry investment. (pages 396–397)

52. Section 2-8 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Managing Resources (cont.) (pages 396–397)

53. Section 2-9 Why do Russians feel the need to replant forests? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. If forests are properly renewed and carefully managed, logging can continue. More trees in Russia and elsewhere may help keep the planet from warming. Replanting could provide jobs for unemployed Russians. Managing Resources (cont.) (pages 396–397)

54. Section 2-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Pollution By the 1990s, 40 percent of Russia’s land was “ecologically stressed”–heavily polluted. This damage resulted from Soviet-era disregard for the effects of industrialization on the environment.  (pages 397–399) Water Quality Russia has one of the world’s largest supplies of freshwater, but much of it is polluted with industrial waste.

55. Section 2-11 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

56. Industries and fossil fuel emissions have polluted the air. Section 2-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Soil and Air Quality Russia’s soil has been damaged by toxic waste dumps, oil spills, and pesticides sprayed on crops.  Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

57. Section 2-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Nuclear Wastes Nuclear waste poses a great danger to Russia’s population.  Between 1949 and 1987, the Soviet Union set off more than 600 nuclear explosions.  The Soviets dumped some nuclear materials into the Baltic and Bering Seas. Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

58. Section 2-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chernobyl At Chernobyl, a town in Ukraine, a 1986 fire in a nuclear reactor released tons of radioactive particles into the air.  The wind carried this radiation over great distances, contaminating the environment in other countries.  Eight thousand people eventually died of radiation poisoning.  Many more have been made seriously ill. Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

59. Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. -Twenty-eight nuclear reactors still operate in Russia, providing much of the country’s electricity.  Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399) -Making these reactors safe and secure in case of another disastrous fire is a concern of the international community.

60. Section 2-16 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

61. Section 2-17 What lessons did the world learn from the disaster at Chernobyl? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. We learned to immediately alert the public to such crises and provide for swift evacuation, and to improve safety standards and shut down dangerous plants. Pollution (cont.) (pages 397–399)

62. Section 2-18 Checking for Understanding __ 1.the by-product of producing nuclear power __ 2.material contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy __ 3.chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests A.radioactive material B.pesticide C.nuclear waste Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A B C Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

63. Section 2-19 Critical Thinking Making Generalizations What generalizations can you make about the relationship between economic development and the environment in Russia? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Generally, Russian economic development has harmed the environment. Recent attempts to improve the economy without harming the environment have been challenging.

64. Section 2-20 Critical Thinking Problem Solving Assume the role of the Russian president, and identify an environmental problem in your country. What steps would you take to solve this problem?

65. Section 2-21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Predicting Consequences Think about what you know about the Russian economy. What is the likelihood of a dramatic improvement in Russia’s environmental problems in the near future? Critical Thinking No dramatic improvement is likely, though some improvement will occur.

66. Section 2-22 Analyzing Maps Human-Environment Interaction Study the economic activity map below. Think about the regions of Russia in which pollution is a problem. Describe the relationship between the location of manufacturing centers and pollution. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

67. Section 2-23 Analyzing Maps Pollution is often concentrated in mining and manufacturing areas and in cities, although agricultural runoff also causes water pollution.

68. Section 2-24 Applying Geography Influence of Location Think about the challenges Russia faces concerning water quality. Write a paragraph explaining why Russians do not use more water from Lake Baikal to supply their freshwater needs. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: It is impractical to transport freshwater from Lake Baikal over great distances to the west where water supplies are limited. Also, only one river flows out of Lake Baikal, and there is a desire of Russia’s people to preserve the lake’s unique ecosystems.

69. Section 2-25 Close Write poems or paint pictures celebrating the future restoration of one facet of the Russian environment.

70. End of Section 2

71. Chapter Summary 1 The Soviet economy was a command economy controlled by government agencies.  Key Points Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Since the 1980s the Russians have been making the difficult transition from the Soviet command economy to a market economy.  After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin encouraged privatization of state-owned farms and businesses.  Transportation and communications systems must improve in order to support a strong market economy. Section 1: Living in Russia (pages 387–393)

72. Chapter Summary 2 To take its place as a full partner in the global community, Russia needs good international trade and strong political and economic relations. Key Points Section 1: Living in Russia (pages 387–393)

73. Chapter Summary 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment (pages 396–399) Soviet leaders’ drive for an industrial-based economy caused major and lasting damage to Russia’s water, soil, and air.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points Russia needs to manage its use of natural resources properly in order to avoid more environmental damage.  Radioactivity from nuclear waste, nuclear accidents, and aging nuclear weapons poses a grave danger to Russia’s environment and its people’s health.

74. End of Chapter Summary

75. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Terms Classify each of the terms below into one of the following categories: Soviet Era, and After Independence. Some terms may apply to both categories. command economyblack marketpesticide market economyprivatizationkolkhoz sovkhoznuclear waste radioactive materialconsumer goods Soviet Era: command economy

76. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Terms Classify each of the terms below into one of the following categories: Soviet Era, and After Independence. Some terms may apply to both categories. After Independence: market economy, privatization command economyblack marketpesticide market economyprivatizationkolkhoz sovkhoznuclear waste radioactive materialconsumer goods

77. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Terms Classify each of the terms below into one of the following categories: Soviet Era, and After Independence. Some terms may apply to both categories. Both: consumer goods, black market, kolkhoz, sovkhoz, radioactive material, pesticide, nuclear waste command economyblack marketpesticide market economyprivatizationkolkhoz sovkhoznuclear waste radioactive materialconsumer goods

78. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the role of the government in the Soviet command economy? Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in Russia The central government controlled all prices and wages, and businesses and industries were run by the state.

79. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How has the transition to a market economy challenged Russian society? Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in Russia The transition to a market economy has caused economic and political instability, rising unemployment and inflation, corruption, crime, loss of foreign investment income, and environmental damage.

80. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did privatization impact daily life in Russia? Reviewing Facts Privatization has not benefited the average Russian. Private ownership of agriculture has been particularly slow. Only the wealthy have been able to invest in factories and business opportunities. Section 1: Living in Russia

81. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What steps has Russia taken to become part of the global community? Reviewing Facts Russia has widened trade relationships with other countries and attempted to join international organizations to become a part of the global community. Section 1: Living in Russia

82. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What problems have been created by pollution in Russia? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Pollution in Russia has caused serious health challenges and environmental damage.

83. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What challenges with the environment and natural resources does Russia face today? Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Russia faces the challenges of cleaning up contaminated air, water, soil; providing clean water and electrical power; aging equipment; harsh climate; separatist activities; and sustainable forest management.

84. Chapter Assessment 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did the Cold War contribute to Russia’s environmental problems? Reviewing Facts During the Cold War, the Soviet government concentrated on industrial buildup and military spending at the expense of the environment. Radioactive waste has contaminated Russia’s water and soil. Section 2: People and Their Environment

85. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Making Inferences Study the chart on pages 388–389 of your textbook. How might political and economic reforms in Russia eventually affect the distribution of the country’s resources? The reforms could cause economic decision- making to become more decentralized, with supply and demand determining the distribution of resources.

86. Chapter Assessment 12 Critical Thinking Problem Solving Identify one kind of pollution affecting Russia. Describe the cause or origin of the pollution. What steps do you think would be necessary to reduce its effects? Explain the reasons for your answer.

87. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Russia. __1.Don River __2.Caspian Sea __3.East Siberian Sea __4.West Siberian Plain __5.Lena River __6.Amur River __7.Vladivostok __8.Lake Baikal A E F H G D B C

88. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How do you think growing Russian nationalism will affect international relations in the future? Russia may feel it deserves a larger role on the world scene, it may resist separatist movements and suppress diversity, and it may increase military spending.

89. End of Chapter Assessment

90. Geography Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://geography.glencoe.com

91. STP 1 Use your knowledge of Russia to choose the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions. If you have trouble answering the questions, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices.

92. STP 2 1.In Russia which of these challenges affects the transportation of both petroleum products and other goods? APoorly repaired roads BHarsh weather and vast distances CFrozen waterways DSeparatist movements Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip First determine what choices you can eliminate. Since petroleum products are transported through pipelines, choices A and C do not apply and can be eliminated. Choose the best answer from the remaining options.

93. STP 3 2.In Russia, nuclear power plants built during the Soviet era Fhave been shut down. Gprovide much of Russia’s electricity. Hare now safer than ever before. Jhave been replaced by coal-fired generators. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip Only one answer is completely true. Some reactors have been shut down, and some safety standards were improved. Choose the answer that is completely true.

94. Interdisciplinary Connection 1 MATHEMATICS Use Internet resources to research the following: the price, in rubles, of a new Russian- made car; the current value, in American dollars, of the Russian ruble; the present rate of inflation in Russia. Calculate how much the car costs in American dollars today and how much the same car would sell for in a year if the rate of inflation remained the same.

95. Culture Note 1 Military Music The Red Army Chorus–allowed the rare freedom of international travel during the Cold War–continues to sell CDs and perform around the world.

96. SkillBuilder 1 Categorizing Information When you read a map, you make sense of the data you see– the symbols, words, and different-colored lines and shapes– by categorizing the information. Categorizing means grouping information and details together in a way that helps you understand and compare two or more ideas or concepts.

97. SkillBuilder 2 Learning the Skill Categorizing information helps you make connections and retain information. This skill helps you answer questions such as What is it? What parts does it have? and How is this like or unlike something else?  When you categorize, you sort details into groups. You may be looking at a map, reading an informative article, or watching a basketball game. Once you understand how the details are grouped, you can make comparisons and draw conclusions. One way to keep track of the different details is to create a chart. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Categorizing Information

98. SkillBuilder 3 Follow these steps to categorize written information, using a chart.  Learning the Skill Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. As you read a section of a chapter, identify its main categories. Make a two-column chart with one row for titles and one row for each category.  Spend a few minutes reading the section. Record the title for each category in the first column of the chart. Then note some details and characteristics that you found for each category. List these in the second column of the chart. Categorizing Information

99. SkillBuilder 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Learning the Skill Follow these steps to categorize written information, using a chart.  Review the details in the second column of the chart. Use them to write a summary statement about each category and to compare the categories with each other. Categorizing Information

100. SkillBuilder 5 Practicing the Skill Use the information about Russia on pages 388–390, and the chart on page 400 of your textbook to answer the questions on the following slides. 1.What are the main categories of information on pages 388–390 of your textbook? The main categories of information are the soviet command economy, and the market economy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. Categorizing Information

101. SkillBuilder 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. Practicing the Skill Use the information about Russia on pages 388–390, and the chart on page 400 of your textbook to answer the questions on the following slides. 2.What are two other characteristics you could list in the chart? The two other characteristics are the command economy emphasizing heavy industry, and the the market economy that eliminates many governmental controls. Categorizing Information

102. SkillBuilder 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. Practicing the Skill Use the information about Russia on pages 388–390, and the chart on page 400 of your textbook to answer the questions on the following slides. 3.How are these systems alike? How are they different? The systems are alike in that they both supply jobs and create products. The systems are different because command systems have ownership of production facilities by a central authority, which also sets priorities and pricing. Market systems have private ownership of production facilities, which set prices based on supply and demand and make products to satisfy consumers’ wants as well as their needs. Categorizing Information

103. SkillBuilder 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answer. Practicing the Skill Use the information about Russia on pages 388–390, and the chart on page 400 of your textbook to answer the questions on the following slides. 4.What are two ways that a chart similar to the one above could help you? Possible answers: Some ways a chart could help are when making comparisons for research or reports, studying for tests, or organizing notes. Categorizing Information

104. Maps and Charts Contents Chart Russia’s Road to a Market Economy Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

105. Maps and Charts 1

106. Political Map Transparency

107. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

108. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

109. End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.

110. End of Slide Show