1. The Northern Colonies The Pilgrims founded colonies in Massachusetts based on Puritan religious ideals, while dissent led to the founding of other New England Colonies.

2. Religious climate in England  The Protestant Reformation led to the founding of the Church of England (or Anglican Church). Do you remember how it started?  The Puritans believed that the Church of England was still too Catholic and wanted to purify it from its Catholic traditions.  Separatists wanted total separation from the Church of England  In England, Puritans and Separatists still had to attend services and pay taxes to a church they didn’t want to be a part of. They could also be put in prison for speaking out against the church,

3. Plymouth Colony  One group of Separatists moved to the Netherlands (1608) where there was religious tolerance.  However, work was hard, war with Spain was coming, and their children were losing their English roots.  A joint-stock company was formed to raise funds to move to the new world.  The Virginia Company Charter gave them land to settle and at the end of seven years the land and profits would be split between the colonists and investors.

4. Plymouth Colony cont…  About 35 of these “pilgrims” or “saints” loaded the Mayflower. Sixty six other were also on board, referred to as the “strangers.”  William Bradford, their leader said: “So they left that goodly and pleasant city which had been their resting place for nearly twelve years; but they knew they were pilgrims, and looked not much in those things but lift their eyes to the heavens…and quieted their spirits.”

5. Plymouth cont…  They were supposed to land at the Hudson River, due to a storm they ended up around Cape Cod (and therefore not under the authority of the Virginia Charter)  Before they landed they signed the Mayflower Compact, promising allegiance to King James and agreed to make just and equal laws for the good of the colony.  This was a historic step toward self- government.

6. Plymouth cont…  They landed, explored, and settled in a harbor just south of present-day Boston.  Unfortunately, they arrived just as the winter of 1621 was coming. By Spring, half of the group had died.  A few survived with the help of the Wampanoag Indians.  The next year they had so much success that they held a harvest feast with the Wampanoag.

7. Plymouth  The Plymouth colony did not grow very large.  It remained self-governing until 1691. Then it became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

8. “A City upon a Hill”  The success of Plymouth inspired thousands of other Puritans to move to “New England.”  A set of Puritan merchants convinced the king to let them organize the Massachusetts Bay Company in order to make a profit and be a refuge to Puritans.

9. MBC…  John Winthrop was chosen to lead 11 ships and 700 people to New England in 1630. His vision for MBC: “For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are on us.”  MBC grew quickly and established surrounding towns nearby. Boston was the center, with Salem, Watertown, and Concord surrounding it.

10. MBC…  The colony set up a government. Each town elected representatives to the court, the court elected council members, and the council was led by Winthrop.  The success of these colonies led to the Great Migration, between 1620-1643, 20,000 English people settled in New England.

11. Dissent Among the Puritans  The ways of life in MBC were deeply rooted in their religious beliefs.  People were expected to attend services, pay taxes to the church, and obey rules about behavior, dress, and speech.  Dissent (speaking out) of the church was not allowed.

12. Connecticut  Thomas Hooker, a Puritan minister, believed that the government should be chosen by everyone. His disagreement with Winthrop led him and his congregation to leave the colony.  In 1639, they adopted America’s first written constitution, the Fundamental Order of Connecticut, allowing everyone, not just church members, to vote.

13. Rhode Island  Roger Williams believed in religious tolerance and that church and government matters should be separate.  He purchased land from the Narragansett Indians and established Providence, in present day Rhode Island.  Church and government were separate and all faiths were welcome.

14. Anne Hutchinson  Believed that people did not need a minister’s teaching in order to be spiritual.  She was banished from the colony for these beliefs.  Her family established New Hampshire which became a royal colony, under the direct control of the king.

15. Witchcraft Trials in Salem  In 1692, several girls in Salem were exhibiting strange behavior and claimed to be bewitched.  The girls accused several women of witchcraft. The rumors got out of control and hundreds of women were arrested and 19 were executed.  The craze quickly passed and the prisoners were freed.

16. Life in New England  Education: Puritans established public schools so their children could read the Bible and have a skill in a trade By the 1700s, two colleges had been established, Harvard in MA and Yale in CT.

17. Life in New England  Colonial Government: Varied depending on if it was owned by individuals, a joint-stock company, or under the English king The town was the center of life, holding meetings with elected leaders to set taxes and deal with local problems. Each town has a grassy area called the common where people gathered. Voting was limited to church members and property owners.

18. Life in New England  Relations with the Native Americans: As the English settlement expanded, they ran into more trouble with the Native Americans, who were now armed and began to resist expansion. Some English still wanted to convert Indians, but some were viewing them as heathens and wanted to kill them or drive them out.

19. Pequot War  Some 90 colonists were killed along with some Indian allies.  The Pequot people were nearly wiped out in this raid.

20. King Philip’s War  1n 1675. the Wampanoag leader Metacomet, known to the English as King Philip, led his people in attacking several colonies.  In return colonists burned villages and crops.  About 600 died, nearly all the Wampanoag and Narragansett Indians were killed. Survivors were sold as slaves or fled.  The war left southern New England open to white settlers.