1. SMJE 2103
Induction Motor

2. Induction Motor Scope of discussion Structure Basic concept
Equivalent Circuit
Power and Torque
Speed Control
Testing

3. Induction Motor - Structure -
Squirrel Cage – no winding and slip ring

4. Wound Rotor – the winding connected to slip rings

5. Induction Motor - Basic Concept -
Induced Torque:
Speed of magnetic field
Induced Voltage
Induced Torque

6. Induction Motor - Basic Concept -
Rotor Slip:

7. Induction Motor - Basic Concept -
Rotor Frequency

8. Example 1
A 208V, 10hp, 4 ploe, 50 Hz, Y-connected induction motor has a full-load slip of 5%.
What is the synchronous speed of this motor?
What is the rotor speed of this motor at the rated load?
What is the rotor frequency of this motor at the rated load?
What is the shaft torque of this motor at the rated load?

9. Example 2
A 220-V, three-phase, two-pole, 50-Hz induction motor is running at a slip of 5 percent. Find: (a) The speed of the magnetic fields in revolutions per minute (b) The speed of the rotor in revolutions per minute (c) The slip speed of the rotor (d) The rotor frequency in hertz

10. Example 3
A 480-V, three-phase, four-pole, 60-Hz induction motor running at a slip of Find; (a) The speed of the magnetic fields in revolutions per minute (b) The speed of the rotor in revolutions per minute (c) The slip speed of the rotor (d) The rotor frequency in hertz

11. Example 4
A three-phase, 60-Hz induction motor runs at 890 r/min at no load and at 840 r/min at full load. (a) How many poles does this motor have? (b) What is the slip at rated load? (c) What is the speed at one-quarter of the rated load? (d) What is the rotor’s electrical frequency at one-quarter of the rated load?

12. Induction Motor - Equivalent Circuit -
Rotor voltage – Locked-rotor voltage
Rotor frequency – Frequency of the induced voltage

13. Induction Motor – Equi. Circuit
RR is constant but XR depend on S
Rotor current flow
Overall rotor impedance considered S
Referring to stator side, considered turn ratio – new Rotor voltage

14. Induction Motor – Basic Concept
Rotor current
Rotor impedance
If,
Final per-phase equi circuit

15. Example 5/Tutorial
A 460V, 25hp, 50Hz, 4 pole, Y-connected induction motor has the following impedances in ohms per phase referred to stator circuit:
The total rotational losses are 1100W and are assumed to be constant. The core loss is lumped in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of 2.2% at rated voltage and rated frequency, find the motor’s
speed d) Pconv and Pout
stator current e) ind and load
power factor f ) efficiency

16. Example 6
A 208-V, two-pole, 60-Hz Y-connected wound-rotor induction motor is rated at 15 hp. Its equivalent circuit components are R1 = Ω R2 = Ω XM = 15.0 Ω X1= Ω X2 = Ω Pmech = 250 W Pmisc ≈ 0 Pcore = 180 W For a slip of 0.05, find (a) The line current IL (b) The stator copper losses PSCL (c) The air-gap power PAG (d) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form Pconv (e) The induced torque τind (f) The load torque load τload (g) The overall machine efficiency (h) The motor speed in revolutions per minute and radians per second

17. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

18. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -
No output voltage instead of mechanical force.
Higher speed, higher friction, windage and stray losses.
But component losses change inverse.

19. Example 7/Tutorial
A 480V, 60Hz, 50hp, 3 phase induction motor is drawing 60A at 0.85 Pf lagging. The stator copper losses are 2 kW, and the rotor losses are 700W. The friction and windage losses re 600W, the core losses are 180W, and the stray losses are negligible. Find:
The air gap power PAG
The power converted Pconv
The output power Pout
The efficiency of the motor

20. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

21. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

22. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

23. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

24. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -

25. Induction Motor - Power and Torque -
Air gap needs R2/S and rotor copper loss needs R2

26. Induction Motor - Speed Control -
Two methods
Varying stator and rotor magnetic field speed
- electrical frequency or changing the number of poles
Varying slip
- varying rotor resistance or terminal voltage

27. Example 8
A 50-kW, 440-V, 50-Hz, six-pole induction motor has a slip of 6 percent when operating at full-load conditions. At full-load conditions, the friction and windage losses are 300 W, and the core losses are 600 W. Find the following values for full-load conditions: (a) The shaft speed nm (b) The output power in watts (c) The load torque τload in newton-meters (d) The induced torque τind in newton-meters (e) The rotor frequency in hertz

28. Example 9
A three-phase, 60-Hz, four-pole induction motor runs at a no-load speed of 1790 r/min and a full-load speed of 1720 r/min. Calculate the slip and the electrical frequency of the rotor at no-load and full-load conditions. What is the speed regulation of this motor?

29. Induction Motor - Speed Control (pole changing)-
Created two poles, N and S
Created an extra poles by changing current polarity
(only 2 speeds)

30. Induction Motor - Speed Control (Frequency) -
With or without adjustment to the terminal voltage:
Vary frequency, stator voltage adjusted – generally vary speed and maintain operating torque.
Vary frequency, stator voltage maintained – able to achieve higher speeds but a reduction of torque.
Could be combined together, easy way by introducing power electronic fields.

31. Induction Motor - Speed Control (terminal voltage) -

32. Induction Motor - Speed Control (rotor resistance) -

33. Induction Motor - Testing -
There are basically 3 types of test in modeling induction motor parameters:
No-load test
DC test
Locked rotor test or blocked rotor test
Equivalent circuit element – R1, R2, X1, X2 and XM

34. Induction Motor - Testing (no load) -
Measuring rotational losses and providing info about its magnetizing current (X1 + XM)

35. Due to the rotor speed close to sync speed, S small and higher rotational losses

36. Induction Motor - Testing (no load) -

37. Induction Motor - Testing (DC test) -
To find R1 (stator resistance).
Dc voltage is applied and adjusted to rated condition.
Voltage and current flow are recorded.

38. Induction Motor - Testing (Locked rotor)-
Steps:
1- locked
2- AC voltage is applied and currents flow is adjusted to full load condition
3- Measure voltage, current and power flow

39. Induction Motor - Testing (Locked rotor)-

40. Induction Motor - Testing (Locked rotor)-

41. Example 10/Tutorial
The following test data were taken on a 7.5 hp, 4-pole, 208V, 50Hz, design delta-star connected induction motor having a rated current of 28A
Sketch the per-phase equivalent circuit for this motor
Find the slip at the pullout torque, and find the value of the pullout torque