1. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 1 Compare and contrast WAN connection types and features. Objective 109.04 Course Weight 2%

2. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 2 Internet Service Provider (ISP) An ISP is a company that provides access to the Internet. Think of it as a tiered system. Where do ISPs get their Internet access from?  Tier 1  Doesn’t pay anyone for connectivity.  Very large geographical presence.  Tier 2  Pay Tier 1 ISPs for connection to networks they cannot access.  Share connection points with other Tier 2 ISPs.  Tier 3  Bring Internet connectivity to the end user.

3. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 3 What Kind of Internet Do You Use? If you live in a residential area it is likely that your Internet access is provided through one of these methods:  Cable  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  Fiber Optic

4. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 4 Cable  Gets its name from the companies who deliver the service.  Usually brought to the home on a coaxial cable (RG- 59, RG-6).  Densely populated areas often use Fiber to the Node (FTTN) to disperse connectivity, then run coaxial cable to the homes.

5. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 5 Cable  Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) 3.1 standard calls for 10Gbps/1Gbps (down/up) data rates.  Current DOCSIS 3.0 standards have tested throughput of ~1Gbps/~250Mbps.  Average speeds: 15/1.5Mbps  Downstream/upstream refers to the direction of the data transmission:  Down is to the user.  Up is to the Internet.

6. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 6 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  Lots of different types.  Asymmetric, ADSL most common.  Delivered across regular telephone lines.  RJ-11 modem connectivity.  Requires the use of filters on telephone lines.  May use FTTN like cable.

7. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 7 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  New G.fast technology could provide 1Gbps/100Mbps connectivity.  There are interference and stability concerns.  Current VDSL2 standards provide 100Mbps @ 500m max distance.  Typical ADSL speeds: 24/3Mbps.

8. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 8 Fiber Optic  Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)  Think Google Fiber  Luckiest people on the planet  Fiber optic cable is brought into your home delivering true gigabit Internet connectivity.  Sometimes referred to as FTTB or FTTH where B=Building/Basement and H=Home  1Gbps/1Gbps

9. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 9 Mobile Networks: Cellular Cellular - All tower based, Internet is “fed” to towers and then dispersed.  #G represents the technology “generation”.  True 4G has not yet been achieved.  4G standard describes  100Mbps mobile/1Gbps stationary  LTE-Advanced (coming soon) is the closest thing available.  150Mbps stationary  Yes, all the carriers are falsely advertising.

10. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 10 Mobile Networks: WiMAX WiMAX - Also tower based, Internet “fed” to tower.  The “first 4G”, think Sprint.  6 mile max radius @ 2 and 11GHz  30 mile max radius @ 66GHz  WiMAX 3-6Mbps  WiMAX2 100Mbps mobile/1Gbps stationary

11. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 11 Less Common ISP Options  The Internet stretches to all parts of the world.  These connections are for more remote locations or common in other nations.  Line of sight wireless internet service  Satellite  ISDN  Dial-up

12. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 12 Line of Sight Wireless Internet Service  Like a cellular data network.  Signals jump from tower to tower until landing at their destination.  Low latencies like other terrestrial broadband connections.  >1Gbps data rates have been offered for special applications.  Cable and DSL speeds are commonly offered.

13. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 13 Satellite  Extraterrestrial Internet access.  15Mbps down/3Mbps up  Great for remote locations.  Often used by military for base camps.

14. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 14 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)  Internet access through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).  First to provide simultaneous voice and data transmission over the same line.  Still common in Europe and East Asia.  Slowly being phased out over the next 10 years.  Offers network connectivity on a per channel basis @ 64kbps per channel.

15. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 15 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)  Upload and download data rates are symmetric.  3 or 4 channels can be bonded together to achieve rates of 384 and 512kbps respectively.  Business connections can achieve speeds of 1.5Mbps.

16. © ExplorNet’s Centers for Quality Teaching and Learning 16 Dial Up Networking (DUN)  Internet access through telephone lines.  Most affordable, slowest.  RJ-11 connectivity  V.92 transmission offers data rates of approximately 56kbps.  With compression in a best case scenario it is possible to approach 1Mbps.