1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

2. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

3. First person to observe a cell Robert Hooke – 1665 Used a microscope to observe a thin layer of cork cells

4. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

6. Levels of cell organization in multicellular organisms. 1.Cells 2. Tissues 3. Organs 4. Organ Systems 5. Organism

7. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic – cells without a nucleus (bacteria) 2. Eukaryotic – cells with a nucleus (plant and animal cells)

8. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes No nucleus Few internal structures Contain ribosomes Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

9. Eukaryotic Contains a nucleus and many organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms PlantAnimal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

10. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

11. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell

12. Cell Parts Organelles – little organs that are found in the cytoplasm

13. Primary Structures Major organelles found in cells –Cell membrane (present in all cells) –Cytoplasm (present in all cells) –Nucleus (present in Eukaryote cells only)

14. Secondary Structures All other organelles –Mitochondria –Ribosomes –Endoplasmic reticulum –Golgi apparatus –Chloroplast –Vacuole –Lysosome –Cell wall

15. Surrounding the Cell Cell Wall – A. outer boundary of the plant cell B. Composed of cellulose which you cannot digest C. Gives plant cells their rigid structure Cell membrane – A.Outer boundary of animal cells (protects cell) B.Also found in plant cells (inside cell wall) C.Composed of proteins and lipids D.Controls what enters and exits the cell

16. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer of lipids with proteins scattered throughout http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells Composed of cellulose http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Inside the Cell

19. Nucleus Control center of the cell – Directs all the cell’s activities Contains genetic material – DNA DNA is in the form of chromosomes

20. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture – 70% water Fills cell and holds organelles in place Surrounded by cell membrane Site for all chemical reactions - metabolism

21. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

22. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Nucleolus Inside nucleus (small and round) Build ribosomes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum Function -Moves materials around in cell (highway) Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface Structure -Network of tubes running from nucleus to cell membrane http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell Structure – small and round http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Mitochondria Function - Produces ATP energy by cell respiration Powerhouse of the cell Structure - Hot dog shaped http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

27. Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Bodies Protein packaging plant (FedEx – packages and ships proteins out of cell) Structure – a stack of flattened pancakes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

28. Lysosome Helps cell breakdown proteins and clean up (clean-up crew: proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) Produces enzymes for intracellular digestion Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes Structure – small and round http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

29. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal (storage tanks: water, food and waste) Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

30. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html