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2. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Development of Political Parties Section 2:Section 2:Role of Political Parties Today Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 The Constitution makes no mention of political parties, but the first ones formed during the early years of the republic. Today, the United States has several political parties, although two—the Democrats and the Republicans— dominate American politics.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Development of Political Parties Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. The United States has had a two- party system since its early days as a nation.

5. Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: Role of Political Parties Today Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

8. Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary political party two-party systemtwo-party system third party platform plank Academic Vocabulary stress promote

9. A.A B.B Section 1-Polling Question Do you think that political parties are good for American politics? A.Yes B.No

10. Section 1 Political Parties Political parties play a vital role in our democratic system.

11. Section 1 Political Parties (cont.) Political parties form to win elections and influence government.Political parties Historically, the United States has been dominated by a two-party system.two-party system Washington’s warning against forming political parties

12. Section 1 Political Parties (cont.) Jefferson and Hamilton’s differing viewpoints: –Jefferson supported limited federal government –Hamilton believed individual rights called for a strong national government

13. Section 1 Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party opposing Hamilton and the Federalist Party, early 1800's Democratic-Republican Party split by 1828 Democratic Party then competing with the Whig Party Political Parties (cont.) Evolution of American Political Parties

14. Section 1 Formation of the Republican Party, 1854 Abraham Lincoln is first Republican president Political Parties (cont.) Evolution of American Political Parties

15. Section 1 Do you agree that the United States should have a two-party system? A.Agree B.Disagree A.A B.B

16. Section 1 Third Parties Throughout American history, additional parties have arisen to influence politics.

17. Section 1 Third Parties (cont.) Third parties have competed in the nation’s two-party system.Third parties Populist Party called for direct election of senators and eight-hour working day Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004

18. Section 1 Progressive Party ideas: –The direct primary –The initiative –The referendum Third Parties (cont.) Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004

19. Section 1 Single-Issue parties: –Promote a social, economic, or moral issue –Prohibitionist Party formed to ban alcohol –Usually do not last long Third Parties (cont.) Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004

20. Section 1 Third Parties (cont.) Ideological parties: –Support a set of beliefs or political doctrine –Socialist Labor Party, Communist Party USA, and the Libertarian Party as examples Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004

21. Section 1 Third parties forming around independent candidates Two-party tradition and raising money as obstacles to third parties Third Parties (cont.) Leading Third-Party Presidential Candidates, 1948–2004

22. Section 1 Political parties in other countries Multiparty system: Third Parties (cont.) –Three or more parties compete for control of government –Parties often must work together –Politically unstable because of competing interests

23. Section 1 One-party system –Party and government nearly the same thing –Elections as empty exercise Third Parties (cont.)

24. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 What do you think is the most important way that third parties benefit the American political system? A.They promote issues that may at first be controversial. B.They promote different beliefs and political doctrines. C.They promote candidates that do not get support from the major parties.

25. Section 1 How the Parties Differ Political parties play a large role in the decisions made by government.

26. Section 1 How the Parties Differ (cont.) Republicans and Democrats largely differ on the way that government should be involved in the lives of Americans. Adoption of moderate and mainstream positions Party platform made up of planksplatformplanks

27. A.A B.B Section 1 Do you think party platforms help voters decide which candidate to vote for? A.Yes B.No

28. Section 1-End

29. Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

30. Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary national committeenational committee caucus precinct ward political machine direct primary closed primary open primary plurality majority petition

31. Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Academic Vocabulary range adjacent

32. A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Do you agree that it’s important for state representatives to help determine a national party’s presidential candidate? A.Agree B.Disagree

33. Section 2 Organization of Political Parties Democrats and Republicans are organized into 50 state parties and thousands of local parties that operate independently of the national organization.

34. Section 2 Organization of Political Parties (cont.) The two major parties are organized at the local, state, and national levels. Organization of Political Parties

35. Section 2 Organization of Political Parties (cont.) The national committee of each party:national committee –Made of representatives from every state –Raises funds for presidential elections –Organizes the party’s national convention –Run by a national party chairperson Organization of Political Parties

36. Section 2 National Convention: –Held once every four years –Party delegates nominate candidates for president and vice president Organization of Political Parties (cont.) Organization of Political Parties

37. Section 2 Party delegates: –Chosen through presidential primary elections and caucusescaucuses –Write the party platform Organization of Political Parties (cont.) Organization of Political Parties

38. Section 2 Campaign committees: –Made of members of Congress –Help elect party members and raise money Organization of Political Parties (cont.) Organization of Political Parties

39. Section 2 State organizations of a party: –Focus on electing party candidates to state offices –Work to elect party candidates for national offices Organization of Political Parties (cont.) Local organizations of a party consisting of city, town, and county committees Organization of Political Parties

40. Section 2 Precinct:Precinct Organization of Political Parties (cont.) –Geographic area containing a specific number of voters –Voters cast ballots at the same place –Run by precinct captains –Several geographically-connected precincts make up a wardward Organization of Political Parties

41. Section 2 Organization of Political Parties (cont.) County committees: –Counties are the largest political units within a state –County chairperson has political power –Precinct and ward leaders building the party at the “grassroots” level Organization of Political Parties

42. Section 2 Political machines:Political machines –Strong local party organizations –New York City’s Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed –Political machines serving useful purpose in the past –Political machines considered harmful today Organization of Political Parties (cont.) Organization of Political Parties

43. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 At which level do you think it’s most important for a political party to try and reach voters? A.National B.State C.Local D.“Grassroots”

44. Section 2 Nominating Candidates Political parties nominate candidates to run for public office.

45. Section 2 Nominating Candidates (cont.) Political parties hold primaries to nominate candidates for office Direct primary:Direct primary –Voters chose candidates to represent each party in a general election –Two main forms are closed and open primaries

46. Section 2 Only declared members of a party allowed to vote for party’s nominee in a closed primaryclosed primary Voters need not declare their party preference to vote for party’s nominee in an open primaryopen primary Arguments for and against the closed primary Nominating Candidates (cont.)

47. Section 2 Nominating Candidates (cont.) Winning a primary: –Plurality of votesPlurality –Majority of votesMajority –Winner becomes party candidate in the general election Unaffiliated candidates added to ballots by petition petition

48. Section 2 Do you agree that closed primaries are a fair way to nominate candidates for office? A.Agree B.Disagree A.A B.B

49. Section 2 Other Party Roles In addition to nominating candidates for office, political parties have many other responsibilities.

50. Section 2 Other Party Roles (cont.) Political parties perform many functions that allow citizens to communicate with the government.

51. Section 2 Functions of political parties: Other Party Roles (cont.) –Campaigning for candidates –Informing citizens –Carrying the people’s message –Operating the government –Acting as a watchdog –Linking the different levels of government

52. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 What is the most important function of political parties? A.Acting as a watchdog B.Operating the government C.Campaigning for candidates D.Informing citizens

53. Section 2-End

54. VS 1 What Is a Political Party? A political party is a group of individuals outside of government that organizes to win elections, to operate the government, and to determine policy.

55. VS 2 Political Parties Form Shortly after our nation began, two political parties formed. The basic difference between the two parties today is their beliefs in how much the government should be involved in Americans’ lives. In the United States, we have a two-party system, which means that two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—dominate national politics.

56. VS 3 Organization Each party has a national committee and congressional campaign committees. Each party also has 50 state committees and many local party organizations. In the past, some local party organizations became so powerful that their candidates won almost every election. These were known as political machines.

57. VS 4 What Political Parties Do Select candidates Inform the public Coordinate policy making Balance competing interests Run campaigns

58. VS 5 Comparing Parties One way to compare political parties is to study their party platforms, which are declarations of each party’s beliefs and positions on major issues. The platform is made of planks, which are the party’s official positions on specific issues such as education, crime, and foreign policy.

59. VS-End

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64. DFS Trans 1 a democrat

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66. Vocab1 political party an association of voters with broad common interests who want to influence or control decision making in government by electing the party’s candidates to public office

67. Vocab2 two-party system a system of government in which two parties compete for power

68. Vocab3 third party a party that challenges the two major parties

69. Vocab4 platform a series of statements expressing the party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

70. Vocab5 plank each individual part of a political party’s platform

71. Vocab6 stress to place special importance or emphasis on something

72. Vocab7 promote to encourage the acceptance or recognition of

73. Vocab8 national committee representatives from the 50 state party organizations who run a political party

74. Vocab9 caucus a meeting of political party members to conduct party business

75. Vocab10 precinct a geographic area that contains a specific number of voters

76. Vocab11 ward several adjoining precincts making up a larger election unit

77. Vocab12 political machine a strong party organization that can control political appointments and deliver votes

78. Vocab13 direct primary an election in which voters choose candidates to represent each party in a general election

79. Vocab14 closed primary an election in which only the declared members of a party are allowed to vote for that party’s nominees

80. Vocab15 open primary an election in which voters need not declare their party preference to vote for the party’s nominees

81. Vocab16 plurality the most votes among all those running for a political office

82. Vocab17 majority a number that is more than 50 percent of the total

83. Vocab18 petition a formal request for governmental action; a process by which candidates who are not affiliated with one of the two major parties can get on the ballot for the general election in most states

84. Vocab19 range a variation between limits

85. Vocab20 adjacent neighboring or near

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