1. The Jefferson Administration

2. Focus Question: Describe the importance of political parties to a president’s accomplishments while in office.

3. The Federalist High Water Mark John Adams elected president in 1796 ▫First contested election  Adams, the Federalist, won  Jefferson, the Republican, was Vice-President Adams acted as a man without a Party

4. Man without a Party Adams maintained Washington’s cabinet ▫Loyal Federalists ▫Loyal to Hamilton Found himself in a crossfire ▫Jeffersonians attacked his policies ▫Federalists attacked his policies

5. Alien and Sedition Acts Designed to combat Jeffersonian Republicans ▫Increased time needed for naturalization ▫“Dangerous” Aliens could be deported ▫Newspaper editors forbidden from criticizing the President or Congress Overreach

6. The Republican Riposte Saw the Acts as unconstitutional ▫Sedition Act violated the 1 st Amendment Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions ▫Declared that states could “nullify” federal law ▫Violated the Supremacy clause of the Constitution ▫Haunts the next few generations

7. The Age of Jefferson

8. Jefferson’s Pivotal Presidency Peaceful transfer of power Shift in political ideology ▫“Revolution of 1800” ▫Fulfillment of the American Revolution

9. Electoral Turmoil The Election of 1800 ended in a tie ▫Jefferson tied his running mate, Aaron Burr ▫Election went to the House  Federalists controlled the House  Hamilton directed Federalists to “support” Jefferson Led to the 12 th Amendment

10. Instilling “republican” values Jefferson saw election as a mandate ▫Eliminate Hamilton’s economic policy ▫Eliminate Federalist policies Restore the spirit of ‘76

11. Economic Policy Appointed Albert Gallatin to the Treasury Department Eliminated tax on whiskey Reduced the national debt How?

12. Budgetary Gymnastics Increase revenue through land sales Slashed government expenses ▫Cut size of the federal bureaucracy ▫Cut the military budget Had long term consequences for the U.S.

13. Struggles with the Courts “Midnight Judges” appointed by Adams ▫Received appointments after the election ▫Gave a Federalist stamp to the Judiciary

14. The Marshall Court Reshaped the role of the Judiciary Enhanced role of the federal government Marbury v. Madison (1803) ▫Established concept of “Judicial Review” Hated and despised by Jefferson