1. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ghana, Mali, SonghaiVocabulary SundiataSundiata Mansa MusaMansa Musa

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Trans-Saharan Trade Vocabulary Ibn Battuta Timbuktu

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African History Vocabulary  Swahili  Great Zimbabwe

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert History of Africa Vocabulary  middle passage  triangular trade

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert African Societies Bantu migrations  from Niger River area  from 1000 bce – 1000 ce  population pressures  spread one language base  + farming technology  + Arab language = “Swahili”  = evolution of that trade language on Africa’s east coast

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Bantu Migrations Bantus approach Cape Horn by 1200 CE –Formed states

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Bananas in Africa Introduced ~ 500 CE, from Indonesia Spread through central Africa Social structure changed –Women began cultivating –Women entered the economy

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Ghana/Mali/Songhai Ghana, 8 th – 13 th c. rich with veins of gold traded gold for salt large army converted to Islam

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Gold/Salt Trade Mali Founded by Sundiata, 13 th c. –strong army; made alliances –expanded empire Mansa Musa –grand-nephew –devoted Muslim –remarkable hajj

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mali Mansa Musa I –Made pilgrimage to Mecca, ~ 1300 CE –Brought back architect, Ishal al-Sahili  from Muslim Spain  used “beaten clay” architecture  glorified Timbuktu

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert City Dwellers and Villagers Jenne, Timbuktu, Gao –cities located on Niger River –thrived with expansion of Mali, Songhai –“beaten clay” architecture used in all –Mali declined in 1400s

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Songhai expanded through conquest under Sunni Ali –professional army center for learning & trade Moroccan troops invaded, 1591 –With gunpowder!

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert People of the African Sahel

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert People of the Sahel Yoruba, ~1100 CE –Based on agriculture –Small city-states  Divine kings  Gifted artists

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert People of the Sahel Benin, ~1200 CE Known for bronze sculptures

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Swahili Coast Coastal Trading Ports: Mogadishu Mombasa Zanzibar Dar es Salaam Kilwa Madagascar coast

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Coastal Trading Ports  Strong Muslim influence  “Swahili” developed as trade language  combo of Bantu & Arabic  many mosques built along coast ←Kilwa→

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Swahili Coast Kilwa wealthiest of city-states wealthy homes silk clothing

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Coastal Trading Ports Islam spread & united area –Swahili & trade interests helped Exhibited a “blended” culture: –Bantu & Arabic/Islamic → Swahili  spread along east African coast –Traded with Asia → “Indian Ocean Basin Trade”

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Coastal Trading Ports Indian Ocean Basin Trade: Had knowledge of seasonal wind currents

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Great Kingdoms of Africa Also, near Swahili Coast: –Zimbabwe (stone courts)  By 9th century –Great Zimbabwe  Mwene Mutapa  Controlled gold sources  Connected with coast

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Internal Developments and Global Contacts Spread of Islam –Brought sub-Saharan Africa & Swahili Coast into world trade market Developments outside Muslim influence: –Portuguese brought new (& hostile!) contacts: → “fightin’ ‘round the world!”