1. Russian Russian  Stalinism Students will be able to analyze the causes of the Russian Revolution, the birth of Leninism, and the totalitarianism of Stalinist Russia.

2. Bellringer Causes of World War IEffects of World War I ___________ systemCovenant clause Social Darwinism___________ clause War Guilt; Mandates Imperialism___________ clause Failed DiplomacyWar _____; __________ Germany denied army/navy

3. Causes of the Russian Revolution  Czars = absolute monarchs, autocrats  Class divisions between landless peasants and Russian nobility leads to pogroms. –Pogroms – oppression of peasants, Jews  1894, Nicolas II became Czar of Russia – does not want to be czar, weak  Nicolas II does not solve class divisions due to his incompetence  Russia began slow process of industrialization –Trans-Siberian Railway Czar Nicolas II, so weak!

4. Causes of the Russian Revolution  Russo-Japanese War (1904)  Russia LOST! to Japan in this humiliating defeat of a major European power by an “inferior” people

5. Russia Prior to the Revolution  Bloody Sunday (1/22/1905) –200,000 people marched on the winter palace in St. Petersburg –Demanded better working conditions, personal freedom, and an elected national legislature  Led to the Duma –Parliament (Nicolas later dissolved it)

6. Causes of the Russian Revolution – World War I  1914 Russia entered war against Germany due to its alliance with Serbia  Weak generals, poorly equipped troops  After a year, 4 million soldiers are killed wounded, or taken prisoner  Nicolas goes to the front to lead the troops

7. Causes of the Russian Revolution – World War I  Wife is in control with the aid of Rasputin –Corruption rampant, he also opposed reform  War created inflation, shortages of food and fuel, and poor morale  Revolution!!! Faith healer and fraud – Rasputin

8. March Revolution – Moderate  Petrograd, women workers went on strike  Over 200,000 workers will join including the military  Czar Nicolas II forced to step down  Duma established a provisional government and continued the war  Soviets; local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers

9. Bolsheviks – Communists  Russia troubled by the social problems of industrialization  Ideals of Karl Marx  Mensheviks vs Bolsheviks –Broad support vs. small group of dedicated revolutionaries

10. Lenin  Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) –Had to flee to Western Europe  Germany negotiated for Lenin to return in 1917 –Had pact that if he overthrew the government, Lenin would pull Russia out of the war  Lenin takes advantage of military failures during World War I to…

11. Bolshevik Revolution – November  Quickly gain control of Petrograd and other cities  “Peace, Land, and Bread”  November 1917 seized the winter palace and arrested the government  Ordered all farm land to be distributed to peasants  Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – ends Russian involvement in World War I

12. Russian Civil War – Red vs. Whites  Red Army (Communists) vs White Army (Allies)  Leon Trotsky commanded the Red Army  1918-1921 civil war rages, western nations (including U.S.) send aid to help the White Army

13. Lenin Assumes Control  New Economic Policy –Version of capitalism –Small factories, farms, and business can be privately owned –Buying and selling of goods –Government controls major industries, banks, and communication Question: How similar is Leninist socialism to Marxism?

14. Lenin’s Government  Organized Russia into several republics  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)  Moscow to control all republics  Communist Party –He created a dictatorship of the Communist party not the proletariat  Lenin died in 1924

15. Stalinist Russia  Trotsky vs. Stalin for control of Russia  Joseph Stalin –“man of steel” –Distrusted by Lenin  General secretary of the Communist Party –Put supporters in key positions  Trotsky forced into exile  Totalitarianism –Government controls every aspect of public and private life Leon Trotsky

16. Joseph Stalin

17. Modernizing the U.S.S.R.  Command economy: gov’t made all economic decisions  1928; first of several 5 Year Plans –Forced the Soviet Union to industrialized  Increased output of steel, coal, oil, electricity  Limited production of consumer goods –Housing, food, clothing, and other necessary goods

18. Starvation

20. Effects of 5 Year Plans  Officials assign jobs  Secret Police kept control  Second 5 Year Plan in 1933

21. Collectivization  Collective Farms –Seized all small private farms and put them in large government owned farms –5-10 million peasants die during collectivization

22. Collectivization

24. Kulaks  Kulaks –Wealthy farmers, Stalin decides to murder them or place them in prison camps

25. Life under totalitarianism  Secret Police –Monitored mail, telephone, and planted informants –Great Purge; Stalin eliminated anyone who threatened his power Estimated 8-13 million killed

26. Secret Police

27. Gulag

28. Purge

29. Propaganda – Socialist Realism  Indoctrination; instruction of the government beliefs  Propaganda: biased information used to spread your ideals

30. Propaganda

31. Life under totalitarianism  Censorship  Religious Persecution –Worked to end religion in Russia

32. Life under totalitarianism  Women –Gained equality Worked in factories and are educated

33. Women

34. Life under totalitarianism  Education

35. Exit Ticket and Homework  Exit Ticket  Dr. Zhivago Primary Source Activity  Homework  1. Finish Dr. Zhivago Primary Source Activity  2. Draw a chart that compares the causes, events, and effects of the French, Latin American, and Russian Revolutions.

36. Exit Ticket  1. What are the causes of the Russian Revolution in 1917?  2. Why did the revolution turn to the Bolsheviks to lead the revolt?  3. How are Lenin and Stalin both different than Marx? (i.e. – New Economic Policy!)  4. What did Stalin do to maintain control over the Soviet Union?