1. MATERIAL SCIENCE & METALLURGY PREPARED BY- JAY PUJARA Assist. Prof. IN MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT GEC, RAJKOT

2. PRESENTTION TOPIC INCLUDE MATERIAL MATERIAL MATERIAL SCIENCE MATERIAL SCIENCE METALLURGY METALLURGY CLASSIFICATION OF METALLURGY CLASSIFICATION OF METALLURGY CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS SOME IMPORTANT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SOME IMPORTANT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CRITERIAL OR FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION. CRITERIAL OR FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION.

3. METALS Materials are that from which we can make anything. Materials are that from which we can make anything. The engineering metals has grate significance in an industry. The engineering metals has grate significance in an industry. The starting point of all manufacturing process is a raw materials. The starting point of all manufacturing process is a raw materials. These raw materials are nothing but the metals. These raw materials are nothing but the metals.

4. Introduction to Material science and Metallurgy Material Science: It is a branch of science which deals with different types of materials, structure of materials, properties of materials and applications of materials. Material Science: It is a branch of science which deals with different types of materials, structure of materials, properties of materials and applications of materials. Metallurgy: It is a branch of Engineering which deals with Metals and alloys. Metallurgy: It is a branch of Engineering which deals with Metals and alloys.

5. Material Material: It can be defined as the “ Part of the Universe” OR Material: It can be defined as the “ Part of the Universe” OR It can be defined as “ Material is something that consists of matter”. OR It can be defined as “ Material is something that consists of matter”. OR “ Any thing that can be used to produce other useful things.” “ Any thing that can be used to produce other useful things.” Types of materials: Metallic materials Metallic materials Ceramic materials Ceramic materials Polymeric materials Polymeric materials Composite materials Composite materials

6. METALLURGY Art of extracting metals from their ores dug out from the mother earth. EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY PHYSICAL METALLURGY PHYSICAL METALLURGY MECHANICAL METALLURGY MECHANICAL METALLURGY

7. EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY Ferrous extractive metallurgy Ferrous extractive metallurgy Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Aluminium Extraction of Copper Extraction of Copper Extraction of Magnesium Extraction of Magnesium Extraction of Zinc Extraction of Zinc Extraction of Lead Extraction of Lead Extraction of Tin Extraction of Tin Extraction of Nickel Extraction of Nickel

8. PHYSICAL METALLURGY Crystallography Crystallography Imperfections in metal crystals Imperfections in metal crystals Solid solution Solid solution Phase diagrams Phase diagrams Iron – Carbon system Iron – Carbon system Solidification of metals Solidification of metals Metallography Metallography Heat treatment processes Heat treatment processes Corrosion and oxidation Corrosion and oxidation

9. MECHANICAL METALLURGY Testing of materials Testing of materials Metallurgy of welding, brazing and soldering Metallurgy of welding, brazing and soldering Foundry metallurgy Foundry metallurgy Powder metallurgy Powder metallurgy Deformation of metals Deformation of metals Failure of metals Failure of metals Mechanical working processes Mechanical working processes

10. MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION Materials may be classified into following categories. Materials may be classified into following categories. 1. Metals 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics 4. Composites 5. Semiconductors

11. Metals Copper Brass Zinc Bronze Aluminum Lead Non-ferrous Cast Iron Wrought Iron Steels` Metals Ferrous

12. Metals Ferrous metals Ferrous metals − metals containing iron and its alloys, such as steel Non-ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals − those with little or no iron

13. Polymers Nowadays polymers have become substitute to steels & other metals for various engineering application. Nowadays polymers have become substitute to steels & other metals for various engineering application. They have good moldability, corrosion resistance, surface finish, low density & low coefficient of friction. They have good moldability, corrosion resistance, surface finish, low density & low coefficient of friction.

14. Polymers classification

15. Thermoplastic Polymers Soften upon heating & harden upon cooling which is a reversible. Soften upon heating & harden upon cooling which is a reversible. Soft & ductile Soft & ductile Remolded several times Remolded several times E.g. polyvinyl – chloride (PVC),polystyrene E.g. polyvinyl – chloride (PVC),polystyrene

16. Thermosetting polymers Soften upon heating & become permanently hard upon cooling. Soften upon heating & become permanently hard upon cooling. Harder,stronger & more brittle Harder,stronger & more brittle E.g. phenolic resins, bakelite. E.g. phenolic resins, bakelite.

17. Plastics Plastics as the word indicates is easily moldable polymeric material. Plastics as the word indicates is easily moldable polymeric material. Have good corrosion resistance Have good corrosion resistance Attractive & colorable Attractive & colorable

18. Some widely used plastics, their properties & applications

19. Rubbers Also called as elastomer is hydrocarbon polymeric material. Also called as elastomer is hydrocarbon polymeric material. Good corrosion resistance, good resistance to chemical environment. Good corrosion resistance, good resistance to chemical environment. High energy storing capacity. High energy storing capacity.

20. Vulcanisation of rubber

21. Process Heating the raw rubber in presence of sulphur makes the rubber strong, hard & less sensitive to heat. Heating the raw rubber in presence of sulphur makes the rubber strong, hard & less sensitive to heat. This process is called as VALCANISATION OF RUBBER. This process is called as VALCANISATION OF RUBBER.

22. Some widely used Rubbers, their properties & applications

23. CERAMIC & REFRACTORIES MATERIALS Ceramics are any inorganic, non metallic solids processed or used at high temperatures. Ceramics are any inorganic, non metallic solids processed or used at high temperatures. They consists of oxides, nitrides, carbides, silicates etc. They consists of oxides, nitrides, carbides, silicates etc. They contain compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements such as MgO, SiO 2, etc. They contain compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements such as MgO, SiO 2, etc. Rock & Clay are natural ceramics. Rock & Clay are natural ceramics.

24. CERAMIC MATERIALS Some of the important characteristics of ceramics are: Some of the important characteristics of ceramics are: Brittleness Brittleness High temperature strength High temperature strength Corrosion Resistance Corrosion Resistance Insulation Insulation

25. CERAMIC MATERIALS Some of the examples of ceramics materials are: Some of the examples of ceramics materials are: Sand Sand Glass Glass Cement Cement Plasters Plasters Brick Brick

26. REFRACTORIES MAT. Refractories are ceramic compounds used for high temp. applications. Refractories are ceramic compounds used for high temp. applications. Have high melting point Have high melting point Have high dimensional stability Have high dimensional stability

27. Refractoriness of material is the ability to withstand high temp. without appreciable deformation. Refractoriness of material is the ability to withstand high temp. without appreciable deformation. Application include : furnace walls, furnace hearth lining…etc Application include : furnace walls, furnace hearth lining…etc

28. Refractories, their working temp. & applications REFRACTORYWORKING TEMP. O CAPPLICATION Fire clay(al 2 o 3,sio 3 )1300General purpose Quartz(sio 2 )1700Hearth lining Magnesia(mgo)2000Hearth lining

29. COMPOSITES MATERIALS Composite material consist of more than one material type. Composite material consist of more than one material type. It is designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each of the component materials. It is designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each of the component materials. Examples of the composites is FIBERGLASS which have strength from glass & flexibility from the polymer. Examples of the composites is FIBERGLASS which have strength from glass & flexibility from the polymer.

30. SEMICONDUCTORS They are having electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors & insulators. They are having electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors & insulators. The semiconductors have made new revolutions in electronics & computer industries. The semiconductors have made new revolutions in electronics & computer industries.

31. ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS OF THE MATERIALS Engineering requirements of material is that what is expected from the material so that same can be used for making engineering components. Engineering requirements of material is that what is expected from the material so that same can be used for making engineering components. E.g. High speed steel for a making cutter or hack saw blade. E.g. High speed steel for a making cutter or hack saw blade.

32. ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS OF THE MATERIALS The main engineering requirements fall into three categories. The main engineering requirements fall into three categories. 1.Fabrication:It should be able to get shaped & joined easily. 2.Service: It means that the material selected for the purpose must stand up to service demands. proper strength, wear resistance & corrosion resistance. 3.Economic:it means that engineering parts should be made with minimum overall cost. It can be achieve by proper selection of both technical & market variables.

33. MECH. PROPERTIES DeformationDeformation Plastic deformationPlastic deformation Elastic deformationElastic deformation DuctilityDuctility MalleabilityMalleability Toughness resilience Strength brittleness Stress & stress concentration Stiffness The vital Mech. properties are:The vital Mech. properties are:

34. CRITERIAL OR FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION. Properties of Material Properties of Material Service requirements Service requirements Reliability Reliability Cost & availability Cost & availability safety safety