1. Material Science Honors CERAMICS

2. What is a Ceramic? Any inorganic nonmetallic material.

3. Elements Found in Ceramics

4. OXIDES Aluminum OxideAl 2 O 3 High Strength, Thermal Stability & Hardness Magnesium OxideMgO High Thermal Stability MulliteAl 6 Si 2 O 13 High Thermal Stability, Low coefficient of Thermal Expansion Silicon DioxideSiO Low Density, Transparent Zirconium DioxideZrO High Toughness When Transformation Toughened CARBIDES DiamondCVery High Strength, Stiffness, Transparent, Low Thermal Expansion Graphite CVery High Strength, Stiffness, Low Thermal Expansion Silicon CarbideSiCHigh Strength, Hardness & Stiffness Tungsten CarbideWC High Strength & Hardness NITRIDES Boron NitrideBN High Strength, Hardness & Stiffness Silicon NitrideSi 3 N 4 High Strength, Hardness, Stiffness & Thermal Expansion

5. Metals vs. Ceramics Property MetalCeramic HardnessLowVery High Elastic ModulusHighVery High Thermal ExpansionLowHigh DuctilityHighLow Corrosion ResistanceLowHigh WearLowHigh DensityHighLow Electrical ConductivityHighDepends MagneticHighDepends

6. Lab: Ceramic vs. Metal 1

7. Data Chart MetalCeramic

8. Lab: Ceramic vs. Metal 2

9. Data Chart Wattage (W) Thickness (mm) Resistance (Ω) 40.14 60.18 75.21 100.27

13. Ceramics are excellent insulators.

14. Is glass a ceramic?

15. Crystalline vs. Amorphous QuartzGlass

16. Lab: Making Glass

18. Lab: Glass-The Inside Story

19. Structure of Glass

20. Thermal Shock Mechanism that often leads to the failure of a ceramic material.

21. If the temperature of a ceramic is changed rapidly, failure may occur.

23. Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Amount of expansion per unit of length per ºC How well heat is conducted

24. Thermal Shock Probability Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of Thermal Expansion The larger the value of the ratio, more likely damage will occur due to Thermal Shock!

25. Lab: Thermal Shock

26. Glass TypeQuality ° F° C Soda Lime GlassCheap1285696 BorosilicateBetter1436780 96% SilicaBetter28861586 Fused SilicaBest28761580 Softening Temperatures

27. Lab: Thermal Shock Glass TypeCoefficient of Thermal Expansion Soda-Lime85 x 10^-7 Borosilicate33 x 10^-7 Fused Silica6 x 10^-7

28. Lab: Thermal Shock Glass TypeObservations Soda-Lime Borosilicate Fused Silica

29. Lab: Movie Glass

30. Special Properties Non-metallicInorganicHard & Heat ResistantLight

31. Better Conductor Than Copper! At 100K and below, recently discovered high- temperature superconducting ceramic materials offer no resistance to conduction of electrons.

32. Ceramic Superconductors

34. Ceramic superconductors reject magnetic flux lines. A magnet can be suspended in the space above the superconductor. Meissner Effect

35. In Japan, a high-speed (360 mph), levitated train is being developed based on this principle.

36. History of Ceramics

37. 24,000 B.C. Archeologists have uncovered human-made ceramics in Czechoslovakia and were in the form of animal and human figurines, slabs, and balls.

38. 8,000 B.C. Pottery making flourished in Upper Egypt. While firing pottery, the presence of calcium oxide containing sand combined with soda and the overheating of the pottery kiln may have resulted in a colored glaze on the ceramic pot.

39. 50 B.C. Optical glass (lenses & mirrors), window glass and glass blowing production starts in Rome and spreads throughout the world.

40. 600 A.D. Porcelain, the first ceramic composite, was created by the Chinese. This durable material is made by firing clay along with feldspar and quartz.

41. 1878 The carbon microphone was invented by David Edward Hughes.

42. 1897

43. 1901 World’s Oldest Light Bulb

44. 1960 Fiber Optics

45. Fiber Optics

47. Lab: Fiber Optics

48. 1965 The development of photovoltaic cells.

49. These convert light into electricity opens a new way to access solar energy.

50. 1992

51. Ceramics known as smart sensors transform pressure into an electric pulse.

52. Applications

53. Ceramics in Greek is “Keramos” meaning the burned substance or the pottery. Containers & Building Materials

54. Metal Production

55. Refractories

56. Construction

57. Clay Brick Clay brick is used to build homes and commercial buildings because of its strength, durability, and beauty.

58. Brick is the only building product that will not burn, melt, dent, peel, warp, rot, rust or be eaten by termites. Brick comes in approximately 10,000 different colors, textures, sizes, and shapes.

59. Electrical Lighting

60. Communications

61. Medical

63. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Rolla are developing a substance that could be used to repair broken or diseased bone. The mixture would be injected into the area of a crushed vertebrae or other damaged bone, fills the cracks, glueing the broken pieces back together. Once this mixture hardens, it turns into a bonelike substance, bonding itself to the original bone.

64. Environmental

66. Air-Purifying Glass

67. Space

68. Future

69. Unbreakable Glass?

70. “Smart” Sunglasses Lenses of “smart” sunglasses can change color on demand.

71. Ceramic, Heal Thyself!

72. Ceramic Superconductor

73. Superconductive Copper Oxide 1996 The formation of a new state of matter in which electric current loops form spontaneously, going from copper to oxygen atoms and back to copper.

74. Transparent conducting films

75. The underlying technology uses thin metal-oxide films based on indium.

76. Graphite

77. 2004-Graphene

78. Graphene is a 2-dimensional layer of tightly bound carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays.

79. World’s Smallest Transistor! 2008

80. A 100mm graphene wafer contains approximately 75,000 devices and test structures.

81. Graphene Electrons travel 100x faster through graphene than silicon!

82. 2010 World’s Fastest Transistor! 100 billion cycles/second (100 GigaHertz)

85. Flexible Graphene Films

86. Due to its phenomenal electronic properties, graphene has been considered as a leading material for the next generation of electronic devices in the multibillion dollar semiconductor industry.

87. Graphane- Super Insulator

88. Graphane has the same honeycomb structure as graphene, except that it is "spray-painted" with hydrogen atoms that attach themselves to the carbon.

89. With conductive graphene at one end and insulating graphane at the other, can we fill in the divide between them with graphene-based semiconductors.