1. Accelerators and Future Industry in Korea
The 17th ICABU
Accelerators and Future Industry in Korea
Nov. 11, 2013
Byung-Ho Choi

2. Outlines I Brief History of Accelerators in Korea
Accelerator Market in Korea & in the World II
Industrialization Experiences at PEFP/KAERI
III
Accelerators for Future Industry IV
애니메이션 삽입
Summary V 2

3. Brief History of Accelerators in Korea
278$
1,689$ 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
1st Medical Linac
1st Medical Cyclotron
1st Tandem
1st Ion Implanter
1st Domestic
Ion Implanter
6,308$
11,347$ 81 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
1st Domestic
Industrial Accelerator
3rd G Light Source (PLS)
1st Domestic
Medical Cyclotron
1st Proton Therapy (NCC)
애니메이션 삽입
20,540$ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Proton Linac (KOMAC)
Heavy Ion Therapy Acc. (KIRAMS)
4th G Light Source (PAL)
Heavy Ion Linac (RAON) 3

4. Medical Accelerators in Korea
1. Electron Linac for Radiotherapy
• Application Fields : X-ray Therapy, Electron Therapy
• Major Users : Large Hospitals
• Development :
1st Medical Linac started service operation at Severance in 1972, now 200 units are in service
Several projects for domestic development & localization are in progress
2. Cyclotron for RI Production
• Application Fields : Medical RI Production
• Major Users : Large
• Development :
Since 1st medical cyclotron from SCANDTRONIX started service operation at KIRAMS in 1986,
About 40 units are now in operation.
KIRAMS developed a 13MeV cyclotron for PET RI in units produced & distributed.
Also KIRAMS developed a 30MeV cyclotron and installed at ARTI / KAERI in 2010
13 MeV Severance Hospital (1972)
MC50 KIRAMS (1986)
3. Cyclotron for Proton / Ion Therapy
• Application Fields : Proton Therapy, Carbon Therapy
• Major Users : Large Hospitals
• Development :
1st proton therapy cyclotron from IBA started treatments at NCC, Ilsan in 2007.
now about 800 patients were treated
2nd facility at Samsung Medical Center is to start service operation in 2014
1st heavy ion therapy accelerator is under development at KIRAMS for C ion therapy by 2016
230 MeV Proton NCC (2007)
* C

5. Industrial Accelerators in Korea
1. Ion Implanter for Industry
• Application Fields : Semiconductor doping, Surface treatment
• Major Users : Semiconductor manufacturers
• Development :
Since 1st implanter was installed in semiconductor production line in 1983,
now about 1,000 units are running
KAERI developed a high current ion implanter for surface treatment of metal & polymer in1989
Ion KAERI (1989)
2. Electron Accelerators for e-Beam Processing
• Application Fields : Tire, Cable, Sterilization, Power semiconductor,
• Major Users : Industry
• Development :
In 1980’s, several electron accelerators were installed for irradiation of industrial products
such as tire, cable and polymers. 35 accelerators are running at the companies.
In 2000’s, EB Tech produced commercial industrial electron accelerators of a transformer
type cooperated with BINP in Russia
KAPRA developed a 10MeV, 30kW high power linac for industrial e-beam processing in 2010.
Electron EBTech (2002)
Electron KAPRA (2010) 5

6. Research Accelerators in Korea
1. Tandem Accelerators for Material Analysis and Carbon Dating
• Application Fields : PIXE, RBS, AMS etc.
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
1st tandem was installed at KIGAM in 1988 for PIXE and RBS.
And then3 AMS tandems were installed for carbon-14 dating
1.7 MV Tandem VDG KIGAM (1988)
2. Synchrotron Light Source
• Application Fields : X-ray scattering, Microscope, SAXS etc.
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
- PAL developed & constructed a 2.5GeV electron linac and a synchrotron
for Synchrotron Light to mainly use material analysis in 1994.
- Currently a 10GeV electron linac for X-FEL is under construction by 2014 at PAL.
Pohang Light PAL, Pohang(1994)
3. Proton Linac
• Application Fields : Material modifications, RI Production,
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
KAERI developed & constructed a 100MeV proton linac for material irradiation,
isotope production and neutron generation in 2012.
100 MeV Proton KAERI ,Gyeongju (2012)
4. Heavy Ion Linac for Rare Isotope Production
• Major Users : Research Institutes, Universities
• Development ;
RAON is under development at IBS by 2018.
Heavy Ion IBS, Daejeon (2018)

7. Accelerators for National Security
1. Electron Linac for Cargo Inspection
- Application Fields : Container inspection at port and airport
- Major Users : Customhouse
- Development :
Since 3 container inspection systems with 9MeV electron linac were installed
at Busan port in systems are in operation at several ports
Several projects to develop the inspection system in Korea are under progress
- Remarks :
Due to increasing security checks of world trade cargo,
40-50 inspection systems are to be installed by 2015 in Korea
Container Inspection at Busan port (2002)
Container Inspection at Incheon port (2003)

8. Accelerators in Korea
Ref : Korea Radioisotope Association (2012) 8

9. Korean Market of Radiation Sources
Annual Import & Domestic Production of Radiation Sources in Korea
Number of produced units
Number of imported units
Amount of imports
Ref : Korea Radioisotope Association (2012) 9
* C

10. World Accelerator Market
Annual Sales Units (1,310 )
Annual Sales Volume (3,530M$)
Ref : Japan Electric Manufactures’ Association (2010)

11. Accelerator Technology, Products, Market & Experts
End
User
X-ray therapy
Proton therapy
BNCT
Medical linacs
PET isotopes
Cancer treatment
isotopes
Medical tracer isotopes
Angiography
Material structure
Neutron Scattering
Synchrotron Radiation
Material Testing
Neutron Radiography
Non proliferation
Neutral particle beams
Tritium production
Neutron radiography
Exothermic beam driven fission
Heavy ion fusion
Waste transmutation
Sewage treatment
Chemical waste treatment
Flue gas treatment
Soil remediation
Trace element analysis
Luggage & container inspection
Explosive detection
Weapons detection
Ion implantation
Surface treatment
QA inspection
Polymerization
Petroleum exploration
Sub-micron
Photolithography
Ion beam lithography
Ion micro beams
Charge injection
PIXE & RBS
Micro beam analysis
Food irradiation
&
packaging
Structural Biology
Protein & DNA
Molecular structure
Basic NP and HEP science experiments
Shielding and detector design
Markets
Health Care
Material
Science &
Tech.
Defense
Renewable Energy
Sources
Environment
Protection &
Restoration
Security & Inspec-
tion
Industrial
Application
Nano-
Technology
Food
Industry
Biotech. & bioscience
Nuclear &
High Energy
Physics
Core
Products
Ion sources Low energy ion transport system RFQ DTL Accelerator theory Superconducting linacs & cavities Proton accumulator ring Spallation neutron sources & targets Rapid cycling synchrotrons FEL RF Photocathode electron guns Synchrotron light sources Proton synchrotrons Induction accelerator Racetrack microtron High power Microwave Electron linac
Core Com-petence
Capabili-ties
Ion source physics Beam dynamics Beam physics Beam transport optics High order optics RF power engineering RF accelerating structures Magnets Pulsed power Ring lattice design Beam transport code development Magnetic code development RF structure code development Control system engineering Instrumentation & diagnostics Remote handling Reliability analysis Shielding design ES & H engineering, Facility engineering Beam target physics & engineering Accelerator operations & maintenance Accelerator commissioning
Skills
& Experts
Accelerator designers Electronic technicians Mechanical technician Radiation control techs RF power engineers Beam dynamists Magnet engineers Beam line designers Material engineers Pulsed power engineers Controls engineers Mechanical drafting Electronic drafting Computer systems engineers Property managers Brazing furnace operators Instrumentation engineers RF structure physicists Accelerator operators Security officers Environment safety & health officers Remote handing technician
Particle Accelerator
* Source: LANL(USA)

12. Utilization Fields of Proton/Ion Accelerators with energy
Industrial Uses
Research Uses
Utilization
(AU)
Ion Beam Machining
Protein Structure
Analysis
Ion Implantation
Medical Uses
Space Component Test
Nano Machining
Nano Measurement & Analysis
MEMS
Explosive
Detection
Space radiation
Environment
Material Treatments
Power Semiconductor
New RI & RI Beam
Functional
material
Nuclear materials
Nuclear Transmutation
High Power RF
Muon & Nutrino Science
Conductive Polymer
Genetic Sources
Proton & Ion Therapy
BNCT
Surface Treatment of Metal
& Ceramics
Medical RI
Neutron Radiography
0.1 1 10
100
1000
Particle Energy (MeV)

13. Industrialized Technology
Industrialization Experiences at PEFP/ KAERI
Classification
Field
Industrialized Technology
Company
Completion
(Technology
Transferred)
Accelerator
Technology
▷Ion Source
▷Low Energy Ion Beam Equipment
▷IBAD Ion Beam Equipment
▷ 300kV Ion Implanter
ABEAM
ISYS
Samsung Electronics
ARI / KAERI
Functional
Materials
▷ Antistatic Electricity Technology on Plastic Tray
▷ Enhancement of durability of Hair Clipper
▷Antistatic & UV Protection Polymer
▷Surface Treatment of Juice Extractor
Korea Placo
Hasung e-sis
Accel Korea
Green Power Campo
Under
Industrialization
Accelerator Tech.
▷High rate etching ion source for Zn-Mg coating
POSCO
▷Enhancement of micro-drill life time
▷Coloring of gem stones
▷luminance & anti-UV enhanced automobile interior polymer
▷Super Hydrophilic property of cooling-pin
▷Adhesion improvement on Metal PCB
Samhwa Yangheng
Ajagems
Sinki Intermobile
U&B OPC
Nano Technology
▷Ion-Cut Technology for SOI Wafer
BNP Science
Bio Technology
▷Bio-degradable Plastic ( PHB)
Genomic Tree
Under Technology Development
▷High Power Klystron
Prosiscom
▷Vegetable & Plan breeding
New Seoul Seeds
Semicon.Technology
▷ Irradiation of Power Semiconductor
Widuk Univ
Space Technology
▷Radiation Effects of Space Components
Asys
Medicine
▷Proton Therapy Technology
SF Technology

14. Technology Development Steps & Industrial Acceptances
Dormancy
Death Valley
Growth
Maturity
Degeneration
Step
Mass Production
Grand Expectation
Low Level Production
Acceptance
Discovery
Disappointment
Sucessful : 10%
Failing : 90%
Time (15-25Yr) 14

15. Role of Accelerator in the Future Industry
The 21c Science & Technology demands researches with a nano level of atoms & molecules
to create new technology and new products
As tools to “see(observe) & handle(manipulate)” in the nano world, we need
large research facilities to provide atomic or subatomic particles like proton, ion, photon
Atom
Proton
Neutron
electron
Accelerator Application Fields Research Facilities
Electron Acc.
(Electron, Photon) IC
Nano Particle
Protein / Drug
Research Reactor
(Neutron)
Quantum
Engineering
Proton Acc.
(Proton, Neutron)
Ion Acc.
(Heavy Ion)
Nano Structure/
Functional materials
Nano Membrane
Quantum Dot/Display
Proton & Heavy Ion: Role of “Hand”
Manipulation of Structure & Composition
Creation of New Materials (Elements & Isotopes)
Photon & Neutron: Role of “Eye”
Analysis of Structure & Composition 15

16. Accelerator & Future Industry in Korea
21C Industrial Technology To Handle Atoms and Molecules Need Accelerators
Industry
Innovation Fields
Core Technology
Core Product
Applied Accelerators
Auto*
• High fuel efficient car
- High efficient Rechargeable Battery
- Compact Power Converter
- High efficient Engine
- High strength Light Materials
- Battery Materials (Electrode, Membrane)
- High Efficient Power Semiconductor
- TLA (Thin Layer Activation)
- Reinforced Plastics / Steels
Synchrotron Light/ Neutron Source
Proton/ Electron Accelerator
Proton Accelerator
Electron / Ion Accelerator
Steel*
• Functional steel
- High Strength Steel Sheet
- Non Corrosive Steel Sheet
- Special Steel Material Development
- Anticorrosive Materials Development
Neutron Source
Ion Accelerator
Energy
• Low carbon energy
• Next generation
nuclear energy
- High Efficiency Power Converter
- Bio Diesel
- Sola Cell Materials
- Next Generation Nuclear Materials
- Nuclear Waste Treatment
- Large Power Semiconductor
- Genetic Resource of Algae / Rape
- Thin Wafer with Large Size
- Corrosion Resistive Materials
- Incineration of long lived Radio-isotope
Home
Electronics*
• High quality display
• Home robot
• High efficient illumination
- High efficient Light Guide Plate
- Super Small Motor
- High efficient LED
- Nano Fabrication of Light Guide Plate
- Ferromagnetic materials
- Ion Implantation
Bio
• Bio similar Drug
• Genetic resources
- Bio Anticancer Drug
- Drug Development
- Eco-friendly Genetic Resource
- Protein Structure Analysis
- Analysis of Molecular Structure
- Genetic Resources of Plant / Microorganism
Medical
• Diagnostics
• Therapy(proton, ion)
- Cancer Diagnostics with RI
- Cancer Therapy
- Medical Radio Isotope
- Proton / Ion Therapy Facility
Proton / Ion Accelerator
Chemistry*
• High functional plastics
• Synthetic Detergent
- High Temperature Polymer
- High Strength Polymer
- Conductive / UV Proof Polymer
- Biodegradable Detergent
- Plastic Materials
- Polymer with Nano Material Compound
- Functional Plastics
- Functional Detergent
Electron Accelerator
Synchrotron Light
Material
• High efficient catalyst
• Imitation of living things
- Nano Catalysis
- Nano Fabrication
- Production of Nano particle
- Ion Beam Fabrication
Proton / Electron Accelerator
Water
• Water treatment tech.
- Membrane(UF, NF, Ro )
- Micro / Nano Pore
Mold
• High precision mold
- Precision Injection Molding
- Surface Treatment with Super Precision 16

17. Accelerator Business Accelerator Beam Service Mixed (Proc. & Equ.) 17
 Business Type:
Selling accelerator systems and their
parts for Industrial, Medical, Inspection
system.
 Strength:
• Minimize Market Risk due to entering
the existing market.
 Weakness;
• Severe Completion in Red Ocean
 Condition:
• High Performance
• High Reliability
• Low Cost
 Case:
• USA : Varian, GE
• Japan : Sumitomo, Mitsubishi
• EU : IBA, Siemens
• China : Nuctech
Business Type: Beam services and direct production with accelerators
 Strength:
• Easy launching for a beam service
market
 Weakness;
• Large investment for construction
and operation
 Condition:
• High Reliability
• High Availability
 Case:
• USA : BNL, LANL
• Japan : RIKEN
• Canada : TRIUMP/Nordion
• Germany : GSI
Business Type: Developing new
processing technology and its
production equipment using
accelerator
 Strength:
• New products by using accelerator
in Blue Ocean
• Integration business with accelerator
equipment and beam processing
 Weakness;
• High Risk for an emerging market
 Condition:
• Competitiveness with existing
products
• High Reliability 17

18. 20 Greatest Unsolved Problems
Challenging unsolved problems with Accelerators
World's 20 Greatest Unsolved Problems by John R. Vacca, Prentice Hall (2005)
Loss-free electric power transmission & storage
Super-speed internet, quantum computing
Origin, structure, & evolution of the universe
Nuclear fusion & spent fuel processing
Earthquake prediction and prevention
High-Temperature Superconductors (Condensed Matter)
Solvable Problems
Free Energy (Energy)
Nuclear Waste and Nuclear Fusion (Energy)
High-Intensity Accelerator
High-Energy Accelerator
Dynamics of the Inner Earth (Geology)
Earthquake Predicting (Geology)
20 Greatest Unsolved Problems
Mystery of Dark Matter (Astronomy)
Creation of the Universe (Cosmology)
Cosmological Constant Problem (Cosmology)
Quantum Theory of the Gravity (Gravity)
Mechanism to Make Fundamental Mass (Particle)
Solar Neutrino Problem (Particle, Astrophysics)
Source of Gamma-Ray Bursts (Astrophysics)
Unification of the Fundamental Forces(Particle)
Cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer, madcow, etc.
Advance food, medicine based on bioscience
Molecular computing & cloning
Artificial intelligence, mental disorder
Functional materials, nano-logic, & bio-probes
Basic Process of the Life (Biology)
Protein Folding (Biology)
Reconstruction of the Ancient Tree of Life (Paleontology)
How Microscopic Atomic Forces Produce Macroscopic Behaviors (Chemistry)
Fabrication & Manipulation of Carbon-Based Nano Structures-Fullerenes(Chemistry)
Free Will (Neuroscience)
Consciousness(Neuroscience) 18

19. Summary
Accelerator development is closely related to the social and industrial development in Korea,
especially to health care and industry. Now Korea becomes an emerging market of accelerator.
At beginning stage, commercial accelerators were imported and installed by a turn-key base
and then domestic developments were followed. The current Korea’s technological level
of accelerators and their applications nearly catches up with other developed countries.
For “sustainable development” of the accelerator community in Korea, industrialization of
accelerator technologies has become an “indispensable part ”of it.
PEFP/KAERI’s experiences show some possibility for industrialization of accelerator technology in Korea.
Especially Korea’s advanced industries such as auto, steel, semiconductor, electronics and
chemical industries are waiting for contributions of accelerator technologies in order to innovate
their conventional products and skills.