1. 1 Combating Drunk & Drugged Driving in Canada 2011 Annual Region I Conference Baltimore, Maryland July 19, 2011 XXXXX

2. Population 33.7M CCC DWI 88,630 CCC Traffic 57,923 Total146,993 Canada, 2009 in Context Population and Convictions for Impaired 7,828k 16,493 24,902 1,219 3,706 1,091 3,670k 17,897 5,976 1,029k 6,289 3,893 4,243k 17,099 4,302 34k 68 34 44k 141 44 12,665k 18,129 15,914 NL 508k 2,174 515 NS 939k 3,142 726 NB 749k 2,426 765 141k 654 173 PEI 32k 362 57 YK BCAB SK MB ON QC NT NU Fatalities 2,209 SI 11,451

3. Road Safety in Canada A Shared Responsibility: Federal New vehicle safety standards Criminal Code (impaired and dangerous drivers) National leadership (e.g. data, research, program development, program evaluation, knowledge transfer) Provincial/Territorial Driver registration Vehicle licensing Enforcement Road Infrastructure Data and Research Program development, implementation & evaluation

4. Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators (CCMTA) Non-profit organization established by the provincial, territorial and federal governments Promote awareness and share and exchange information Pursue harmonization of road user, motor carrier and driver/vehicle licensing regulations and policies Develop national models of motor vehicle transportation programs (safety and other) Strategy to Reduce Impaired Driving (STRID)

5. Impaired Driving Penalties Criminal Code of Canada First Offence –1 year prohibition from driving –$1,000 fine 2 nd Offence –2 year prohibition from driving –$1,000 fine - 30 days in jail 3 rd Offence –3 year prohibition from driving –$5,000 fine - 120 days in jail Bill C2 July 2, 2008 –Increased fines –Limited defenses –Authorized DEC program Provincial/Territorial Administrative Suspensions –>50mg% < 81mg% Short term –> 80mg% = 90 days –$1,000 fine Vehicle Impoundment –Driving prohibited Assessment & Rehabilitation Ignition Interlocks –Administrative –Program elements

6. STRID Interventions by Jurisdiction JurisdictionALSImpoundInterlockShort Term Suspension Assess/ Rehab Northwest Territories 2004 2004*2004 Yukon 1998 1987---- British Columbia 1997 200519792005 Alberta 19992002199119691985 Saskatchewan 2001199620011996*1996 Manitoba 1989 2001 1978 – 12 hr susp 1998 – 24 hr susp 1986 Ontario 19961998 1981*1998 Quebec 1997 ----1997 New Brunswick 2008----200819851991/2002 Nova Scotia 1995----Fall 20081999*1984 Prince Edward Island 1997 200619871997 Newfoundland 2003 1995

7. The Data National Fatality Database –Coroner and Medical Examiners –Classified substances into 7 categories used by the Drug Evaluation and Classification program CNS Depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines) Inhalants (e.g., toluene, nitrous oxide) Dissociative Anaesthetics (e.g., ketamine, PCP) Cannabis CNS Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines) Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, ecstasy) Narcotic Analgesics (e.g., codeine, oxycontin) Police Collision Data Roadside surveys 7

8. Number and Percent of Motor Vehicle Deaths* Involving a Drinking Driver: 1995-2009

9. Number of Non-drinking and Drinking Fatally Injured Drivers and Percent Positive for Alcohol: 1990-2009 * Alcohol Crash Problem in Canada, 2009, preliminary data

10. Drugs and Driving Early stages but can measure prevalence –Self-report surveys –Roadside surveys –Fatality Database Dose/Response –Experimental Data Effects of drugs on various skills and abilities (DRUID) –Epidemiological Data Drivers involved in crashes Case-control Culpability analysis Case-cross over

11. Roadside Survey Alcohol and Drug by Age 11

12. Roadside Survey Alcohol and Drug by Day 12

13. Roadside Survey Alcohol and Drug by Time 13

14. Fatally Injured Drivers Testing Positive for Drugs or Alcohol by Year 14 Percentage

15. Fatally Injured Drivers Testing Positive for Drugs or Alcohol by Year 15 Percentage

16. Fatally Injured Drivers Alcohol and Drugs by Gender 16

17. Fatally Injured Drivers Drug and Alcohol Positive Cases by Time 17

18. Fatally Injured Drivers Drug Categories by Age 18

19. Conclusions Drug impaired driving is different than alcohol impaired driving in many substantive ways More research on dose response relationship with key drugs is required Zero Tolerance vs. Per Se Laws Safety vs. Drug Control Application of penalties may need to be reviewed Training of prescribing physicians 19

20. www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety www.ccmta.ca www.tirf.ca www.ccsa.ca Paul.Boase@tc.gc.ca 20 Questions?