1. Inside The Animal Cell

2. What We Are Going to be Looking At Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Nucleus Golgi Body Rough ERSmooth ER Centrosomes Vacuole Mitochondrion Lysosomes Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Ribosomes

3. Our Journey Begins Here at the… Nucleolus  The Nucleolus is the largest structure in the cell nucleus.  It’s primary function is to assemble ribosome.  Though the nucleolus still has many other functions including assembly of signal recognition particle, which is the modification of transfer RNAs and sensing cellular stress  The Nucleolus starts to disassemble during mitosis and reassembles during the telophase. (RNA= ribosomal ribonucleic acid) (rRNA= pre-ribosomal ribonucleic acid)

4. Next, We Come Upon the… Nucleus  The nucleus is the main “control room” of the cell, it tells other thing what to do, how to do it, and when to do it in the cell.  It contains the nucleolus and nucleoplasm.  The nucleus is the central and most important part of the cell, forming the basis for its activity and growth.  The Nucleus is a membrane bound structure. It contains the cell’s hereditary information.  The nucleus is commonly know as the most prominent organelle in the cell. The Nucleus

5. As We Take a Left, We See the… Nuclear Membrane  The nuclear membrane, or nuclear envelope is a double layered membrane that separates the nucleoplasm, or fluids inside the nucleus, from the cytoplasm, fluids outside the nucleus.  It is made up of two membranes, the outer membrane, and the inner membrane.  The nuclear membrane keeps the DNA inside the nucleus to protect it from substances from the cytoplasm.  It can actually regulate what materials travels in and out of the nucleus.  The membrane has holes that allow anything to pass between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm called nuclear pores. This is a picture of the Nuclear Membrane

6. So Now We are at the… Golgi Body  It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes.  The Golgi body stores proteins and carbohydrates into a membrane-bound vesicles to be exported from the cell.  The Golgi body is a packaging organelle  The Golgi complex works a lot with the ER. When a protein is made in the ER, a transition vesicle is made. This vesicle floats through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and is absorbed. (ER= Endoplasmic Reticulum) (The Golgi body is also known as the Golgi Apparatus)

7. Smooth ER  The Smooth ER is tubular in form and is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids.  It is the site of the breakdown of toxins and carcinogens in the liver.  Larger amounts of smooth ER are found in the liver cells that are made to detoxify products of natural metabolism. Rough ER  The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes that help transport different materials.  It is a series of connected flattened sacs that have many ribosomes in the surface.  It synthesizes and secrets serum proteins in the liver and hormones and other substances in the glands. We Now See These Two Organelles… Endoplasmic Reticulum

8. At the Final Turn, We Come to the… Centrosomes  It is the main organelle that organizes the microtubules.  It only occurs in animal cells.  It is also a regulator of cell-cycle progression.  The centrosomes is copied only once per cell-cycle, allowing each daughter cell to have at least one centrosome.  It consist of two centrioles which are built from a cylindrical array of nine microtubules, which are each attached to two partial microtubules.

9. As We Travel Outward, We See… Vacuole  The vacuole is a storage place for the cell.  The vacuole can store food, water, a variety of nutrients, and even waste products that could contaminate the cell.  The storage will soon sent them out of the cell.  Animal Cell vacuoles are smaller than vacuoles in plant cells and in animal cells, can be known as secretory vesicles.  Although not all animal cells have vacuoles. Right there, the vacuole

10. Heading Through the Cell, We See… Mitochondrion  The mitochondrion is the “power house” of the cell.  It’s breaks down nutrients and turns it into molecules for the cell, this is known as cellular respiration.  The mitochondria keeps the cell running and full of energy.  Mitochondria are free roaming organelles in the cells, there density per cell is determined by how much energy the cell needs.  It is made of two membranes, the outer membrane which acts like a skin, then the inner membrane, this membrane fold over and over to create a layered structure called cristae.  The fluid inside the mitochondria is called the matrix. (The plural version of Mitochondrion = Mitochondria)

11. After a Short Intermission We Here at the… Lysosome  The lysosome holds enzymes that were created by the cell.  For the lysosome, its main purpose is to digest things, it may even digest foods or break down the cell when it dies.  The Golgi complex is what creates the lysosomes.  The lysosome is practically a specialized vesicle, it stores a variety enzymes and proteins, which are created through rough ER.  When the cell absorbs or eats food, the lysosomes attach and release there enzymes which break down the food into complex sugars and proteins.

12. As We Come Closer to the End We See… Cell Membrane  The cell membrane is the wall of the cell. Or the “gate keeper”, like the nuclear membrane, it controls what goes in and out of the cell.  It is a thin layer of protein or fat.  The cell membrane is made up of smaller molecules that create a flexible and porous container.  Proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane structure.  It surrounds the chloroplast in the plant cell. (The Cell Membrane can also be known as the Plasma Membrane)

13. At Our Final Stop, This is the… Cytoplasm  The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cells, this fluid is called protoplasm, or cytosol.  Scientist didn’t actually know many fluids in the cell, they were left with two more ‘plasms’, cytoplasm and nucleopasm.  The cytoskeleton in the cytoplasm gives the cell’s shape.  The cytoplasm helps movement of the cellular materials around the cell through a process called cytoplasmic streaming.  Cytoplasm also constitutes numerous salts and is a very good conductor of electricity. Cytoplasm Definition: a jellylike material that makes up much of a cells inside the cell membrane, and, in eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus. The organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and (in green plants) chloroplasts, are contained in the cytoplasm

14. That’s It Good Bye!