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Published byRaymond Sharp Modified over 8 years ago
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The Impact of Government on Healthcare
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Hill Burton Act Passed by Congress in 1946 Improvement/Construction of hospitals Cities renovated existing buildings Established ICU unit, trauma centers, outpatient services Rural areas created regional health centers
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Hill Burton Act (cont’) Professional administration began to manage hospitals Private clinics emerged to care for specific diseases Research exploded
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Dept of Health and Human Services Formerly known as the Department of Health, Education and Welfare In 1953, the U.S. Government gave Legislation to: Public Health Services Food and Drug Administration
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) Created by congress after the success of the National Cancer Institute (1937) and the old Hygenic Lab of the Public Health Services Clusters of research institutes that focus on certain diseases
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Medicare/Medicaid In 1965, the government wanted to establish an effective and comprehensive federal health care program in the form of national health insurance Medicare Aged Medicaid Poor Currently, the issue is how to control the massive costs
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Medicare/Medicaid
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Impact of Consumers on Health Care
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Group Involvement 1960s – Critics of mainstream medicine became organized Organized efforts to stop: Vaccination Programs Fluoridation of water Animal research
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Group Involvement (cont’) Subtle criticism against: Unnecessary surgery Excessive use to prescription drugs Over-medicalization of childbirth Painful procedures Heroic measures for prolonging life Lack of confidence in the medical community alternative health therapies
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Group Involvement Medical schools began addressing the issues of philosophy, social concerns, ethics Began incorporating these classes into their curriculum
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Group Involvement Optometry, Chiropractic medicine, Christian Science, Faith Healing all gained popularity
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Individual Changes Renewed interest in herbal medicine and folk remedies Contacts made in Asia by military exposed Americans to Asian medical and health concepts Zen, yoga, martial arts, acupuncture all gained popularity Influenced by President Nixon’s visit to China
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Individual Changes Promotion of physical activity and sports Popular activities: Body building Aerobics Running Gyms/Health clubs Vegetarianism became common
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Individual Changes Relationship between food, heart disease, diabetes, stroke are beginning to be studied STI Management/Prevention, birth control, abortion
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Organization and Legislation Affecting Healthcare National Institutes of Health (NIH) World Health Organization (WHO) Medicaid Medicare Uniform Anatomical Gift Act Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Controlled Substance Act Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Medicare D
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National Institutes of Health Began in 1887 as a lab researching cholera and tuberculosis In 1930, was established under the Department of Health and Human Services Over 13 research institutes (National Cancer Institute) Improve health, provide info to health care professionals
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World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 Agency of United Nations control and eradicate disease worldwide Share information and technology Deliver drugs and medical supplies where needed
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Medicaid 1965 Title under the Social Security Amendments – provides government funding to states Helps pay for medical care of the poor States establish criteria for qualification
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Medicare 1966 National health insurance for people over 65 or those who are blind or disabled Administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) through the DHHS Part A – Hospitalization Part B – physicians and other medical providers
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Medicare Part D Everyone who receives Medicare is eligible Prescription drug plan to assist in payment of medication costs
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Uniform Anatomical Gift Act 1968 Allows living people to donate their body or organs to be gifted to research, transplant or a tissue/organ bank at time of death
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1970, Originally an act to decrease injury, illness and deaths in the workplace During the 1980s, focus was preventing HIV/AIDS in the health care setting Guidelines to protect workers from: Bloodborne organisms Body fluids Needles Sharps Spills PPE
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Controlled Substance Act 1970 The DEA works with the U.S. Department of Justice to address the serious use and abuse of drugs Physicians must apply for registration and receive a DEA number in order to dispense narcotics
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Limit health administration costs, provide patient privacy, prevent fraud and abuse Electronic transmission of data Release of personal information Security of records Establishing individuals as HIPPA officers
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